Migraine and the limbic system: closing the circle.

A tremendous gap still exists between the disciplines of psychiatry and neurology, viewed as the study of the mind, and the brain, respectively. While functional neuroimaging has served to blur this separation, many still consider the two mutually exclusive entities. But the study of migraine and limbic pain offers convincing evidence of Viktor Frankl's dichotomous model of the individual yet dependent spheres of psyche and soma.

A series of three sequential, randomized, controlled studies of repeated treatments with botulinum toxin type A for migraine prophylaxis.

Unlabelled: We examined the effects of multiple treatments with low doses of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA; BOTOX(R), Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) versus placebo for prophylaxis of episodic migraine. This was a series of 3 sequential, randomized, controlled studies of 418 patients with a history of 4 to 8 moderate to severe migraines per month.