Downregulation of myeloma-induced ICOS-L and regulatory T cell generation by lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy.

Multiple myeloma (MM) produces significant cellular and humoral immune defects. We have previously reported that MM induces CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells (TRegs), via tumour expression of the immune checkpoint regulator, ICOS-L. We sought to define what impact the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide, alone or with dexamethasone, has on TReg cell generation.

CVID patients with autoimmunity have elevated T cell expression of granzyme B and HLA-DR and reduced levels of Treg cells.

Aims: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody immunodeficiency with approximately 20% of patients reporting additional autoimmune symptoms. The primary aim of this study was to compare the levels of activated and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in CVID patients in an attempt to clarify their possible interactions leading to the generation of autoimmunity.

Methods: Immunophenotyping of T cells was performed by flow cytometry using a whole blood approach.

Perioperative reductions in circulating lymphocyte levels predict wound complications after excisional breast cancer surgery.

Objective: Postoperative wound complications after excisional surgery for primary breast cancer can result in patients requiring additional treatments and delay adjuvant therapy and are associated with worse prognoses.We investigated factors that might predispose patients to wound complications.

Background: A number of patient characteristics have been associated with wound complications, but there is currently no quantitative measure of the risk of their occurrence.

Primary antibody deficiency syndromes.

Purpose Of Review: The primary antibody deficiency syndromes are a rare group of disorders presenting at any age, with complex polygenic disorders, most commonly the common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs), predominating. With increasing patient survival on immunoglobulin therapy, there is an increasing focus on the complications of these disorders. Research into the cause of CVIDs has made use of the increased understanding of immune regulatory systems and B-cell signalling events and has made significant progress in the past 12 months.

Frequency of Treg cells is reduced in CVID patients with autoimmunity and splenomegaly and is associated with expanded CD21lo B lymphocytes.

Introduction: Common variable immunodeficiency is a heterogeneous antibody deficiency syndrome with autoimmune and inflammatory complications in a significant proportion of patients. The study was designed to evaluate the role of T regulatory (Treg) cells in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients with autoimmunity.

Methods: The number and frequency of Treg cells (CD4(+), CD25(hi), Foxp3(+)) were evaluated in patients and controls, and Foxp3 expression in different subgroups of CVID patients with common clinical manifestations was compared.

Inherited defects in the interferon-gamma receptor or interleukin-12 signalling pathways are not sufficient to cause allergic disease in children.

T-helper (Th)2 cells, which produce the cytokines interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, dominate T cell responses in allergic diseases. The Th1-type cytokines IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) are important in down-regulating Th2 responses to allergens. Patients with defects in the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) or IFNgamma receptor (IFNgammaR) have abnormal responses to IL-12 or IFNgamma and a failure to produce normal levels of IFNgamma.