Depression prevalence based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale compared to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM DIsorders classification: Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objectives: Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies.

Methods: We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status.

Comparison of major depression diagnostic classification probability using the SCID, CIDI, and MINI diagnostic interviews among women in pregnancy or postpartum: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objectives: A previous individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) identified differences in major depression classification rates between different diagnostic interviews, controlling for depressive symptoms on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We aimed to determine whether similar results would be seen in a different population, using studies that administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or postpartum.

Methods: Data accrued for an EPDS diagnostic accuracy IPDMA were analysed.

Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders: bipolar disorder summary.

In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a comprehensive set of mood disorder clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals. This guideline summary, directed broadly at primary care physicians, is an abridged version that focuses on bipolar disorder. It is intended as an aid to the management of this complex disorder for primary care physicians working in collaboration with psychiatrists to implement successful long term management.

Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders: major depression summary.

In December 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists published a comprehensive set of mood disorder clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health professionals. This guideline summary, directed broadly at primary care physicians, is an abridged version that focuses on major depression. It emphasises the importance of shared decision making, tailoring personalised care to the individual, and delivering care in the context of a therapeutic relationship.

Impairment and distress patterns distinguishing the melancholic depression subtype: an iSPOT-D report.

Background: This study seeks to provide a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of baseline clinical and psychological features and treatment response characteristics that differentiate Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) outpatients with and without melancholic features. Reflecting the emphasis in DSM-5, we also include impairment and distress.

Methods: Participants were assessed pre-treatment on clinical features (severity, risk factors, comorbid conditions, illness course), psychological profile (personality, emotion regulation), functional capacity (social and occupational function, quality of life) and distress/coping (negativity bias, emotional resilience, social skills, satisfaction with life).

Using multiple methods to characterize the phenotype of individuals with a family history of major depressive disorder.

Background: Unaffected relatives (URs) of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are biologically more vulnerable to depression. We compare healthy URs and controls at the level of phenotype (symptoms and functioning) and endophenotype (negative emotion bias), and further investigate the interrelation between these and the contribution of environmental early life stress.

Methods: URs (n=101), identified using Family History Screen interview methods and matched controls completed written and interview questions assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety, negative cognitive style, life functioning and early life stress.

What level of IBS symptoms drives impairment in health-related quality of life in community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome? Are current IBS symptom thresholds clinically meaningful?

Background: Quality of life is impaired in some people with IBS, but the level of symptoms that may drive this impairment is unclear.

Aims: We aimed to identify whether current frequency and severity cut-offs for IBS-type symptoms are associated with a clinically meaningful impairment of quality of life in the community.

Methods: People who met modified Rome III criteria for IBS (n = 201) and controls (n = 1,904) were assessed.

Duloxetine transfer across the placenta during pregnancy and into milk during lactation.

Objective: Duloxetine is an efficacious antidepressant; however, its safety during the perinatal period is uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the transfer across the placenta and provide data on infant exposure to duloxetine via breast milk.

Methods: A multiparous 31-year-old woman with recurrent melancholic depression had responded poorly to previous antidepressants, but had a full remission on duloxetine.

Advocacy for mothers with psychiatric illness: a clinical perspective.

Motherhood is a challenging role and a life-changing experience. For women living with psychiatric illness, the challenge of motherhood is amplified. Psychiatric illness (including schizophrenia, affective and personality disorders) is associated with multiple adversities that can impair the capacity to parent.

Executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: state or trait deficits?

Objective: Despite the neuropsychology literature providing reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), to date it has not been determined whether these deficits are trait-related (independent of symptomatology) or state-dependent (dependent on symptomatology). The current research examines the executive functions in OCD in a comprehensive manner and, for the first time, assesses the stability of these deficits over the developmental course of the disorder.

Method: Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 examined the executive functions (set shifting, inhibition, planning, verbal fluency and working memory) in 60 subjects (20 actively Symptomatic OCD, 20 Remitted OCD and 20 Panic Disorder).

Somatization an independent psychosocial risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome but not dyspepsia: a population-based study.

Background: A psychosocial conceptualization for irritable bowel syndrome and unexplained dyspepsia has been proposed, but remains untested. We conducted a comprehensive population-based study to determine what psychiatric and psychosocial factors, if any, are important in irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia.

Methods: Two hundred and seven participants identified from two previous Australian population surveys who also met Rome I criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (n=156) or unexplained dyspepsia (n=51) were included in the study.

A history of abuse in community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia: the role of other psychosocial variables.

Background/aims: Why abuse is associated with irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia remains unclear but other psychosocial factors may be important. We hypothesized that other psychosocial variables may confound the association.

Methods: 207 subjects identified from a previous population survey who also met Rome I criteria for IBS (n=156) or functional dyspepsia (n=51) were included in the study.

Is health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia a socially learned response to illness?

In a population-based study of 207 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia (FD) and controls (n = 100), we aimed to determine whether dimensions of abnormal illness behavior from the Abnormal Illness Behaviour Questionnaire and aspects of social learning of illness behavior from the Social Learning of Illness Behaviour scale were independent predictors of health care seeking for IBS and FD. Results showed that dimensions of abnormal illness behavior and aspects of social learning of illness behavior (encouragement, reinforcement, and modeling) did not significantly differentiate between consulters and nonconsulters with IBS and/or FD. The Disease Conviction scale (OR = 1.

A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation training, and routine clinical care for the irritable bowel syndrome.

Objectives: Psychological treatments are considered to be useful in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although the evidence is based on small, often flawed trials. Although cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and relaxation therapy have both been promising, we hypothesized that CBT would be superior to relaxation and standard care alone in IBS patients. The objective of this study was to test this assumption by comparing the effects of cognitive behavior therapy with relaxation therapy and routine clinical care alone in individuals with IBS.

Does psychological distress modulate functional gastrointestinal symptoms and health care seeking? A prospective, community Cohort study.

Objective: Little is known about the natural history of functional GI symptoms, including what factors influence GI symptom patterns and health care seeking for them over the long term. We aimed to determine whether psychological factors play a role in the development and long-term course of these symptoms.

Methods: A random sample of community subjects (n = 361) who reported having unexplained abdominal pain for > or =1 month in a previous population survey were included in the study.

Epidemiology and health care seeking in the functional GI disorders: a population-based study.

Objectives: Functional GI disorders (FGIDs) are common in clinical practice, but little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders in the general population. We aimed to determine the prevalence, association with psychological morbidity, and health care seeking behavior of FGIDs in the population.

Methods: A random sample of subjects (n = 4500) aged > or = 18 yr and representative of the Australian population were mailed a validated questionnaire.

Response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Difficulty inhibiting irrelevant information may play a central role in the aetiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present study was to determine whether OCD subjects (n=20) exhibit deficits in behavioural and cognitive inhibition compared with a clinical control group diagnosed with panic disorder (n=20). All subjects were administered a Go/Nogo task (a measure of behavioural inhibition) and a Stroop test (a measure of cognitive inhibition).