Potential of alginate, chitosan and polyethylene glycol as substances for colloidal drug delivery as determined by protein release and digestion.

Colloidal encapsulations can be applied as protective matrices in aquaculture feeds. They promise an ideal approach to protect bioactive substances such as oral vaccines, pre- or probiotics against degradation due to acidic environments or untimely lixiviation. Alginate, chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are substances frequently applied in encapsulations as protective matrices.

On the Reactivity of Mes*P(PMe ) towards Aluminum(I) Compounds - Evidence for the Intermediate Formation of Phosphaalumenes.

Phosphaalumenes are the heavier isoelectronic analogs of alkynes and have eluded facile synthesis until recently. We have reported that the combination of a phosphinidene transfer agent, TerP(PMe ) ( Ter=2,6-Ar -C H ), with (Cp*Al) (Cp*=C (CH ) ) afforded the phosphaalumenes TerPAlCp* as isolable, violet, thermally stable compounds. In here we describe attempts to utilize Mes*P(PMe ) (Mes*=2,4,6-tBu -C H ) as a phosphinidene source in combination with different Al(I) precursors, namely NacnacAl ( Nacnac=HC[C(Me)NDip] , Dip=2,6-iPr -C H ), (Cp*Al) and Cp Al (Cp =1,2,4-tBu -C H ).

Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against : Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in .

In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected during the summer and winter were investigated.