Sporophytic inbreeding depression in mosses occurs in a species with separate sexes but not in a species with combined sexes.

Inbreeding depression is a critical factor countering the evolution of inbreeding and thus potentially shaping the evolution of plant sexual systems. Current theory predicts that inbreeding depression could have important evolutionary consequences, even in haploid-dominant organisms. To date, no data have been reported on inbreeding depression in moss species.

The use of urine LH detection kits to time intrauterine insemination with donor sperm.

Background: The study was carried out to determine the most likely time of day for the onset of the LH surge as detected using urine LH dipsticks, and to calculate the optimum time interval from the onset of the LH surge to intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Methods: A prospective study of 1540 cycles of IUI with donor sperm at Cleveland Fertility Centre, Middlesbrough, between June 1990 and February 2004. Only 951 cycles (where a positive urine LH dipstick result was immediately preceded by a negative result) were included in our study.

The true impact of fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis: a population study.

Background & Aims: Patient surveys suggest that fatigue is a common problem in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The actual extent of the problems caused by fatigue in PBC has yet to be determined as previous studies addressing this question have tended to use selected patient subgroups and subjective or non-quantitative fatigue assessment tools. Here, we have attempted to more accurately assess the extent of fatigue in PBC, and the specificity of the symptom for this disease, by the application of an objective measure of fatigue impact (the fatigue impact score [FIS]) to a geographically based patient cohort, age- and sex-matched normal controls, and chronic liver disease controls.