Prognostic models for identifying risk of poor outcome in people with acute ankle sprains: the SPRAINED development and external validation study.

Background: Ankle sprains are very common injuries. Although recovery can occur within weeks, around one-third of patients have longer-term problems.

Objectives: To develop and externally validate a prognostic model for identifying people at increased risk of poor outcome after an acute ankle sprain.

The COX-2 specific inhibitor Valdecoxib versus tramadol in acute ankle sprain: a multicenter randomized, controlled trial.

Background: The cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib has not been approved in the United States for treatment of acute pain.

Hypothesis: Valdecoxib 20 mg twice daily or once daily (both with a 40-mg loading dose) is not clinically inferior to tramadol for treating the signs and symptoms of acute ankle pain.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1.