Enhancing the diagnostic capacity of [F]PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in primary prostate cancer staging with artificial intelligence and semi-quantitative DCE: an exploratory study.

Background: To investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI)-based and semi-quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), performed within [F]-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI, in differentiating benign from malignant prostate tissues in patients with primary prostate cancer (PC).

Results: A total of seven patients underwent whole-body [F]-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI examinations including a pelvic mpMRI protocol with T2w, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and DCE image series. Conventional analysis included visual reading of PET/MRI images and Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) scoring of the prostate.

Are T2WI PI-RADS sub-scores of transition zone prostate lesions biased by DWI information? A multi-reader, single-center study.

Purpose: According to PI-RADS v2.1, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) is the dominant sequence for transition zone (TZ) lesions. This study aimed to assess, whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) information influences the assignment of T2WI scores.

Pseudoprospective Paraclinical Interaction of Radiology Residents With a Deep Learning System for Prostate Cancer Detection: Experience, Performance, and Identification of the Need for Intermittent Recalibration.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prospective utility of a previously retrospectively validated convolutional neural network (CNN) for prostate cancer (PC) detection on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: The biparametric (T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted) portion of clinical multiparametric prostate MRI from consecutive men included between November 2019 and September 2020 was fully automatically and individually analyzed by a CNN briefly after image acquisition (pseudoprospective design). Radiology residents performed 2 research Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessments of the multiparametric dataset independent from clinical reporting (paraclinical design) before and after review of the CNN results and completed a survey.

A New Approach for Photorealistic Visualization of Rendered Computed Tomography Images.

Objective: Classical single-colored or multicolored 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of sectional images lacked in being realistic and revealed limited anatomical discrimination. Recently, a new technique called cinematic volume rendering for 3D reconstruction of computed tomography has been developed. The aim of this study was to analyze this new visualization algorithm from a technical perspective and to investigate potential benefits for neurosurgical applications.

Na MRI and myometry to compare eplerenone vs. glucocorticoid treatment in Duchenne dystrophy.

In this pilot study we tested whether a low dose application of a mild diuretic substance such as eplerenone is beneficial in early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using Na und H imaging, myometry, and clinical testing versus the glucocorticoid gold standard. Two 7-years old patients with DMD were examined on a 3T MRI system. H MRI and Na density-adapted 3-dimensional radial MRI sequences were performed both before and 1, 3 and 6 months after therapy with eplerenone respectively cortisone.

New bone post-processing tools in forensic imaging: a multi-reader feasibility study to evaluate detection time and diagnostic accuracy in rib fracture assessment.

Purpose: The aim of this multi-reader feasibility study was to evaluate new post-processing CT imaging tools in rib fracture assessment of forensic cases by analyzing detection time and diagnostic accuracy.

Materials And Methods: Thirty autopsy cases (20 with and 10 without rib fractures in autopsy) were randomly selected and included in this study. All cases received a native whole body CT scan prior to the autopsy procedure, which included dissection and careful evaluation of each rib.

7-T (35)Cl and (23)Na MR Imaging for Detection of Mutation-dependent Alterations in Muscular Edema and Fat Fraction with Sodium and Chloride Concentrations in Muscular Periodic Paralyses.

Purpose To determine whether altered sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) homeostasis can be visualized in periodic paralyses by using 7-T sodium 23 ((23)Na) and chlorine 35 ((35)Cl) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and informed consent of all participants were obtained. (23)Na (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 160/0.

Bacterial reprogramming of PBMCs impairs monocyte phagocytosis and modulates adaptive T cell responses.

Septic diseases are characterized by an initial systemic, proinflammatory phase, followed by a period of anti-inflammation. In the context of the latter, monocytes have been described to display altered functions, including reduced TNF secretion and T cell-stimulating capacities in response to recall antigens. This hyporesponsiveness is supposed to be detrimental for coping with secondary infections.