Amygdala sensitivity for negative information as a neural marker for negative memory bias across psychiatric diagnoses.

Self-referent negative memory bias is a known risk factor for depression, but recent evidence suggests its function as a transdiagnostic cognitive depressotypic marker. The amygdala's sensitivity for negative information is considered a neurobiological depressotypic marker. However, their relationship remains unknown.

Challenging the negative learning bias hypothesis of depression: reversal learning in a naturalistic psychiatric sample.

Background: Classic theories posit that depression is driven by a negative learning bias. Most studies supporting this proposition used small and selected samples, excluding patients with comorbidities. However, comorbidity between psychiatric disorders occurs in up to 70% of the population.

Structural brain characteristics in treatment-resistant depression: review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been related to structural brain characteristics that are correlated with the severity of disease. However, the correlation of these structural changes is less well clarified in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Aims: To summarise the existing literature on structural brain characteristics in TRD to create an overview of known abnormalities of the brain in patients with MDD, to form hypotheses about the absence or existence of a common pathophysiology of MDD and TRD.

Infant-Related Intrusive Thoughts of Harm in the Postpartum Period: A Critical Review.

Background: Besides the expected warm and joyful thoughts, a new mother can be disturbed by sudden frightening thoughts or images of harm done to her baby: harming intrusions, an obsessive phenomenon. Its high prevalence and possible consequences in functioning and in mother-child bonding makes it desirable that clinicians are well informed regarding the current state of knowledge about harming intrusions.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of all studies that have investigated harming intrusions in postpartum women.

Default mode network coherence in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder during electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Functional connectivity in the "default mode network" (DMN) is changed in depression, and evidence suggests depression also affects the DMN's spatial topography and might cause a dissociation between its anterior and posterior regions. As antidepressive treatment affects anterior and posterior regions of the network differently, how depression and treatment change DMN-organization is crucial for understanding their mechanisms. We present a novel way of assessing the coherence of a network's regions to the network as a whole, and apply this to investigate treatment-resistant depression and the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Resting-state functional connectivity in major depressive disorder: A review.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects multiple large-scale functional networks in the brain, which has initiated a large number of studies on resting-state functional connectivity in depression. We review these recent studies using either seed-based correlation or independent component analysis and propose a model that incorporates changes in functional connectivity within current hypotheses of network-dysfunction in MDD. Although findings differ between studies, consistent findings include: (1) increased connectivity within the anterior default mode network, (2) increased connectivity between the salience network and the anterior default mode network, (3) changed connectivity between the anterior and posterior default mode network and (4) decreased connectivity between the posterior default mode network and the central executive network.