Selenoprotein Gene Nomenclature.

The human genome contains 25 genes coding for selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins). These proteins are involved in a variety of functions, most notably redox homeostasis. Selenoprotein enzymes with known functions are designated according to these functions: TXNRD1, TXNRD2, and TXNRD3 (thioredoxin reductases), GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, and GPX6 (glutathione peroxidases), DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3 (iodothyronine deiodinases), MSRB1 (methionine sulfoxide reductase B1), and SEPHS2 (selenophosphate synthetase 2).

Mechanism for proliferation inhibition by various selenium compounds and selenium-enriched broccoli extract in rat glial cells.

The objective of this study was to investigate the differential effects of various selenium (Se) compounds and Se-enriched broccoli extracts on cell proliferation and the possible mechanism responsible for the Se-induced growth inhibition. C6 rat glial cells were incubated with graded concentrations up to 1000 nM of selenite, selenate, selenomethionine (SeM), Se-methyl-selenocysteine (SeMCys), high-Se broccoli (H-SeB) extract or low-Se broccoli (L-SeB) extract for 24 and 48 h. MTT results indicated that all Se sources and levels examined inhibited C6 cell proliferation at 48 h.

Metabolism of subtoxic level of selenite by double-perfused small intestine in rats.

Intestinal metabolism of the subtoxic level of selenite in rats was investigated using a double-perfusion system, which is an in situ, in vitro preparation in which the intestinal lumen and its vasculature are perfused simultaneously. The toxicity of sodium selenite was determined by inhibition of 3-O-methyl glucose (3MG) absorption and by histological examination. Levels of 1.