Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Adherence to Guideline-Based Polysomnography in Children With Down Syndrome.

Objectives: To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with Down syndrome who did and did not receive polysomnography to evaluate for obstructive sleep apnea after publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines recommending universal screening by age 4 years.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single tertiary pediatric hospital.

Surgical Intervention for Medically Refractory Hyperthyroidism.

Pediatric hyperthyroidism can be multifactorial, with Graves' disease (GD) being the most common etiology. Treatment focuses on identification of the cause of the hyperthyroidism and achieving a biochemical cure with symptom resolution. This article highlights the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a pediatric patient with GD.

Pediatric tracheotomy decannulation: a protocol for success.

Purpose Of Review: Pediatric tracheotomy is a common procedure. Given the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with long-term placement, it is imperative that decannulation is considered once the indication for tracheotomy placement is corrected or resolved. In this article, we discuss the critical steps necessary for the assessment of readiness for decannulation, and we review the recent literature that supports several methods of evaluation that may be incorporated into a protocol for decannulation.