Genetic liability to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, obesity, and risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been associated with a greater risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in observational studies, but results are limited by confounding. We used multivariable Mendelian randomization to examine their causal relationship, adjusting for BMI.

Methods: We selected genetic instruments for GORD from genome-wide association studies of 80,265 cases and 305,011 controls.

Cardiovascular safety of genetically proxied interleukin-5 inhibition: A mendelian randomization study.

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) inhibitors have revolutionized the management of eosinophilic asthma. However, IL-5 is thought to play a protective role in atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular safety data for IL-5i are scarce. We used population-level data to examine the association between genetically proxied IL-5i and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.