Analysis of insulin glulisine at the molecular level by X-ray crystallography and biophysical techniques.

This study concerns glulisine, a rapid-acting insulin analogue that plays a fundamental role in diabetes management. We have applied a combination of methods namely X-ray crystallography, and biophysical characterisation to provide a detailed insight into the structure and function of glulisine. X-ray data provided structural information to a resolution of 1.

Exploration of temperature and shelf-life dependency of the therapeutically available Insulin Detemir.

Purpose: Insulin, in typical use, undergoes multiple changes in temperature; from refrigerator, to room temperature, to body temperature. Although long-term storage temperature has been well-studied, the short term changes to insulin are yet to be determined. Insulin detemir (IDet) is a clinically available, slow-acting, synthetic analogue characterised by the conjugation of a C14 fatty acid.

Clinically Relevant Insulin Degludec and its Interaction with Polysaccharides: A Biophysical Examination.

Protein polysaccharide complexes have been widely studied for multiple industrial applications and are popular due to their biocompatibility. Insulin degludec, an analogue of human insulin, exists as di-hexamer in pharmaceutical formulations and has the potential to form long multi-hexamers in physiological environment, which dissociate into monomers to bind with receptors on the cell membrane. This study involved complexation of two negatively charged bio-polymers xanthan and alginate with clinically-relevant insulin degludec (PIC).