Physical activity levels and movement skill instruction in secondary school physical education.

Objective: To determine the levels of physical activity (PA), lesson context and teacher interaction students receive during physical education (PE) in secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia.

Design: Baseline cross-sectional study.

Methods: Systematic direct observation of Year 7 PE classes over a six-month period.

Determining compositional profiles within conducting polymer films following reaction with vapor phase reagents.

A combination of XPS, reflectance infrared spectroscopy, and neutron reflectivity measurements has been used to probe the spatial and global extents to which carboxylic acid motifs in electrodeposited conducting polymer films can be functionalized by reaction with vapor phase reagents (a carbodiimide together with trifluoroethanol) with the goal of controlling hydrophobicity. Across a range of polymer deposition and reaction temperatures, neutron reflectivity showed that, surprisingly, functionalization of the polymer matrix at depths >5-10 nm into the polymer film was always significantly lower than at the exposed surface. The most efficient functionalization was found to occur when a low-density polymer matrix was prepared by elution of motifs cleaved from the polymer by base hydrolysis.