Research and Evaluation of a Cyberchondria Severity Scale in a Chinese Context.

Purpose: Cyberchondria is a problematic or unhelpful behavior pattern that describes excessive or repetitive online health-related information searching related to an enhanced level of health anxiety. Such internet-derived medical anxiety can manifest itself in different ways across cultures. This study explores the unique nature of cyberchondria in the context of Chinese culture, identifying the risk factors for the condition and the possible negative outcomes.

The effect of benevolent leadership on safety behavior: A moderated mediation model.

Introduction: While high quality leadership is of great importance for enhancing safety behavior in the workplace, there has been a lack of research on how benevolent leadership influences such behavior. Subordinates' moqi (i.e.

Investigating the relationship between person-environment fit and safety behavior: A social cognition perspective.

Introduction: This study explored the relationship between person-job fit and safety behavior, as well as the mediating role played by psychological safety, from the perspective of social cognitive theory and person-environment fit theory.

Method: A total of 800 employees from petroleum enterprises were recruited, with cluster random sampling used to collect data in two stages.

Results: The results showed that employees' safety behavior is higher under the condition of "high person-job fit-high person-organization fit" than under that of "low person-job fit-low person-organization fit.

The role of expectations and future-oriented cognitions in quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a highly variable condition characterised by uncertainty of disease course which can make formation of expectations about the future difficult. This systematic review aimed to examine associations between expectations, or Future Oriented Cognitions (FOCs), and Quality of Life (QOL) in people with MS (PwMS).

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, literature up to October 2019 was searched using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science.

Can increased cognitive load help people with subthreshold depression to forget negative information?

Background: Given that major depression is a global public health problem, and that sub-threshold depression (SD) has been shown to be a significant risk indicator of major depression disorder, the awareness of SD interventions has increased. The current study explored the effect of increasing cognitive load on the forgetting of unwanted and negative memories of sub-threshold depression individuals (SDs) (Study 1) and proposed a cognitive load intervention (CLI) (study 2).

Methods: 53 SDs and 52 normal participants were recruited to explore the effect of cognitive load on the directed forgetting of negative items (Study 1).

The effects of social comparison and depressive mood on adolescent social decision-making.

Background: Based on social comparison theory, two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of depression and social comparison on adolescents, using the ultimatum game (UG).

Methods: Before the formal experiment began, a preliminary experiment tested the effectiveness of social comparison settings. This study used the UG paradigm to explore adolescents' social decision-making in the context of gain and loss through two experiments.

The Impact of Abusive Supervision on Job Insecurity: A Moderated Mediation Model.

This paper explores the impact of abusive supervision on job insecurity under the frameworks of the social cognitive theory and the leader-member exchange theory; additionally, it explores the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and the moderating role of power distance. In this study, 944 employees from two state-owned enterprises located in China were surveyed via questionnaires. Results of the correlation analysis and statistical bootstrapping showed that (i) abusive supervision was significantly and positively related to job insecurity, (ii) LMX played a mediating role in the impact of abusive supervision on job insecurity, and (iii) power distance played a moderating role in the relationship between LMX and job insecurity.

Caregiver Burden in Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Trends and Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: In spite of recent advances in treatment, many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) require ongoing care and support. Informal caregivers can experience burden as a result of their role, with possible implications for quality of life (QOL). We review recent research examining MS caregiver experience to (1) understand current risk factors for caregiver burden and (2) identify possible strategies for increasing carer well-being.

Investigating behavior inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from eye movements.

We investigated the role of inhibition failure in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) through an eye tracking experiment. Twenty-five subjects with OCD were recruited, as well as 25 with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and 25 healthy controls. A 3 (group: OCD group, GAD group and control group) × 2 (target eccentricity: far and near) × 2 (saccade task: prosaccade and antisaccade) mixed design was used, with all participants completing two sets of tasks involving both prosaccade (eye movement towards a target) and antisaccade (eye movement away from a target).

Living well with chronic illness: How social support, loneliness and psychological appraisals relate to well-being in a population-based European sample.

Positive social and psychological appraisals may help maintain well-being in illness, but few studies have systematically investigated this in a European context. After controlling for sociodemographic, health and objective social factors, we employed multilevel regression modelling to establish if appraisals predict well-being in three illness groups ( = 10,577). In addition to health and financial status, positive appraisals were consistent predictors of well-being.

Beyond care burden: associations between positive psychological appraisals and well-being among informal caregivers in Europe.

Purpose: The burden of caring for a family member or friend can have a negative impact on caregiver health and well-being, yet caring can also have positive consequences. Understanding the factors that may enhance caregiver well-being is merited.

Methods: We used data gathered from the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS).

Authentic Leadership and Proactive Behavior: The Role of Psychological Capital and Compassion at Work.

This study, which is based on survey data provided by 445 employees from a Chinese enterprise, examines the impact of authentic leadership on the proactive behavior of subordinates, in particular the mediating effect of subordinate psychological capital and the moderating effect of compassion at work. The results of our structural equation model reveal that: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between authentic leadership and the proactive behavior of subordinates; (2) psychological capital plays a full mediating role between authentic leadership and subordinate proactive behavior; (3) Compassion at work has a moderating effect on the positive relationship between authentic leadership and subordinate psychological capital and proactive behavior.

Effects of abusive supervision on employees' innovative behavior: The role of job insecurity and locus of control.

Drawing on the Conservation of Resources Theory by Hobfoll, we examined the relationships between abusive supervision, job insecurity, locus of control, and employees' innovative behavior. Using self-reported data collected from employees among four enterprises in China (N = 641), we found that abusive supervision was positively correlated with job insecurity. In contrast, both job insecurity and abusive supervision were negatively correlated with employees' innovative behavior, with the impact of abusive supervision on innovative behavior being mediated by its effect on job insecurity.

Exploring the Influence of Ethical Leadership on Voice Behavior: How Leader-Member Exchange, Psychological Safety and Psychological Empowerment Influence Employees' Willingness to Speak Out.

The study of voice behavior examines the inclination of staff and team members to speak up and contribute ideas to the team. In this article, we investigate how factors such as leader-member exchange (LMX), psychological safety and psychological empowerment influence such behavior. Our findings, which are based on a sample of 308 employees working for a state-owned telecommunications company in China, indicate that ethical leadership promotes employees' voice behavior through enhanced LMX, which also leads to greater feelings of psychological safety and psychological empowerment.

Why the Conjunction Effect Is Rarely a Fallacy: How Learning Influences Uncertainty and the Conjunction Rule.

In this article we explore the relationship between learning and the conjunction fallacy. The interpretation of the conjunction effect as a fallacy assumes that all observers share the same knowledge, and that nobody has access to privileged information. Such situations are actually quite rare in everyday life.

Seeing Patterns in Randomness: A Computational Model of Surprise.

While seemingly a ubiquitous cognitive process, the precise definition and function of surprise remains elusive. Surprise is often conceptualized as being related to improbability or to contrasts with higher probability expectations. In contrast to this probabilistic view, we argue that surprising observations are those that undermine an existing model, implying an alternative causal origin.

The effects of cognitive style and emotional trade-off difficulty on information processing in decision-making.

This study investigated the effects of cognitive style and emotional trade-off difficulty (ETOD) on information processing in decision-making. Eighty undergraduates (73.75% female, M = 21.

The Influence of Social Comparison and Peer Group Size on Risky Decision-Making.

This study explores the influence of different social reference points and different comparison group sizes on risky decision-making. Participants were presented with a scenario describing an exam, and presented with the opportunity of making a risky decision in the context of different information provided about the performance of their peers. We found that behavior was influenced, not only by comparison with peers, but also by the size of the comparison group.

Making sense of surprise: an investigation of the factors influencing surprise judgments.

Surprise is often defined in terms of disconfirmed expectations, whereby the surprisingness of an event is thought to be dependent on the degree to which it contrasts with a more likely, or expected, outcome. The authors investigated the alternative hypothesis that surprise is more accurately modeled as a manifestation of an ongoing sense-making process. In a series of experiments, participants were given a number of scenarios and rated surprise and probability for various hypothetical outcomes that either confirmed or disconfirmed an expectation.

The influence of interactional semantic patterns on the interpretation of noun-noun compounds.

The CARIN theory (C. L. Gagné & E.

A reanalysis of the CARIN theory of conceptual combination.

The competition among relations in nominals (CARIN) theory of conceptual combination (C. L. Gagné & E.