Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies.

Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms are a group of diverse, heterogeneous tumours that range from well-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine tumours-such as typical and atypical carcinoids-to high-grade, poorly differentiated aggressive malignancies, such as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). While the incidence of SCLC has decreased, the worldwide incidence of other pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms has been increasing over the past decades. In addition to the standard histopathological classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, the introduction of molecular and sequencing techniques has led to new advances in understanding the biology of these diseases and might influence future classifications and staging that can subsequently improve management guidelines in the adjuvant or metastatic settings.

Lower extremity characteristics in recurrent clubfoot: Clinical and gait analysis findings that may influence decisions for additional surgery.

Background: Patients with recurrent clubfoot may seek intervention to address impairments that impact gait function. An understanding of these impairments and associated gait issues will provide valuable information about ongoing treatment requirements.

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of impairments and associated gait deviations in children with recurrent clubfoot and to evaluate whether these findings differ depending on unilateral or bilateral presentation.