The early-onset Alzheimer's disease MRI signature: a replication and extension analysis in early-stage AD.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is less investigated than the more common late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) despite its more aggressive course. A cortical signature of EOAD was recently proposed and may facilitate EOAD investigation. Here, we aimed to validate this proposed MRI biomarker of EOAD neurodegeneration in an Appalachian clinical cohort.

Memory consolidation, temporal and parietal atrophy, and metabolism in amyloid-β positive and negative mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classically characterized by alterations in memory consolidation. With the advent of diagnostic biomarkers, some patients clinically diagnosed with AD display biomarkers inconsistent with the diagnosis.

Objective: We aimed to explore differences in memory consolidation and neurodegeneration of the temporal and parietal lobes as a function of amyloid-β status in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Executive function and cortical thickness in biomarker aMCI.

Introduction: Memory deficits are the primary symptom in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI); however, executive function (EF) deficits are common. The current study examined EF in aMCI based upon amyloid status (A+/A-) and regional atrophy in signature areas of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method: Participants included 110 individuals with aMCI (A+ = 66; A- = 44) and 33 cognitively healthy participants (HP).

Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee II for the Optimization of Surgical Education and Training in the United States: The Surgical Trainee Perspective.

Objective: This study aims to appraise recommendations from an expert panel of surgical educators on optimizing surgical education and training in the setting of contemporary challenges.

Background: The Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC II), a group of surgical educators, was convened to make recommendations to optimize surgical training, considering the current changes in the landscape of surgical education. Surgical trainees were recruited to assess their impressions of the recommendations.

Factors Associated with Non-Completion of a Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Program.

Background: Childhood obesity is a devastating disease process disproportionately affecting minority and low-income populations. Though bariatric surgery leads to durable weight loss and reversal of multiple obesity-related comorbidities, only a small fraction of pediatric patients undergoes the procedure. We sought to identify factors associated with non-completion in a pediatric bariatric surgery program.

Surgery for chronic idiopathic constipation: pediatric and adult patients - a systematic review.

Background: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a substantial problem in pediatric and adult patients with similar symptoms and workup; however, surgical management of these populations differs. We systematically reviewed the trends and outcomes in the surgical management of CIC in pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: A literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.

Race and Ethnic Group Enrollment and Outcomes for Wilms Tumor: Analysis of the Current Era Children's Oncology Group Study, AREN03B2.

Background: To review race and ethnic group enrollment and outcomes for Wilms tumor (WT) across all 4 risk-assigned therapeutic trials from the current era Children's Oncology Group Renal Tumor Biology and Risk Stratification Protocol, AREN03B2.

Study Design: For patients with WT enrolled in AREN03B2 (2006 to 2019), disease and biologic features, therapeutic study-specific enrollment, and event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) 4-year survival were compared between institutionally reported race and ethnic groups.

Results: Among 5,146 patients with WT, no statistically significant differences were detected between race and ethnic groups regarding subsequent risk-assigned therapeutic study enrollment, disease stage, histology, biologic factors, or overall EFS or OS, except the following variables: Black children were older and had larger tumors at enrollment, whereas Hispanic children had lower rates of diffuse anaplasia WT and loss of heterozygosity at 1p.

Lower centrifugation speed and time are positively associated with platelet concentration in a canine autologous conditioned plasma system.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of variable centrifugation protocols on the cellular composition of the final product of a canine autologous conditioned plasma double-syringe system.

Animals: 30 client-owned healthy adult medium- to large-breed (17- to 45-kg) dogs.

Methods: 35 mL of anticoagulated whole blood from each subject was aliquoted into 3 samples: a baseline and 2 double syringes.

Antibacterial activity of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors against key veterinary pathogens.

Multidrug-resistant bacteria infect companion animals and livestock in addition to their devastating impact on human health. Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs) with excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria have previously been identified as promising new antibacterial agents. Herein, we evaluate the antibacterial activity of these NBTIs against a variety of important veterinary pathogens and demonstrate outstanding in vitro activity, especially against staphylococci.

Evaluation of the usage of incisional liposomal bupivacaine as a local anaesthetic for dogs undergoing limb amputation.

Background: Bupivacaine lioposomal suspension has recently emerged in the veterinary field for local analgesia.

Objective: To describe the extra-label administration of bupivacaine liposomal suspension at the incision site of dogs undergoing limb amputation and characterize any complications.

Study Design: Nonblinded retrospective study.

Intestinal adaptation and rehabilitation.

Massive intestinal resection is a regrettably necessary but life-saving intervention for progressive or fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, the resultant short bowel syndrome (SBS) poses its own array of challenges and complications. Within hours of such an abrupt loss of intestinal length, the intestine begins to adapt.

Extrapolation of Survival Data Using a Bayesian Approach: A Case Study Leveraging External Data from Cilta-Cel Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.

Introduction: Extrapolating long-term overall survival (OS) from shorter-term clinical trial data is key to health technology assessment in oncology. However, extrapolation using conventional methods is often subject to uncertainty. Using ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma, we used a flexible Bayesian approach to demonstrate use of external longer-term data to reduce the uncertainty in long-term extrapolation.

Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism Restores Phosphorylation, Trafficking and Behavior induced by a Disease Associated Dopamine Transporter Variant.

Aberrant dopamine (DA) signaling is implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), substance use disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment of these disorders remains inadequate, as exemplified by the therapeutic use of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, agents with high abuse liability. In search for an improved and non-addictive therapeutic approach for the treatment of DA-linked disorders, we utilized a preclinical mouse model expressing the human DA transporter (DAT) coding variant DAT Val559, previously identified in individuals with ADHD, ASD, or BPD.

Outcomes and Histological Variations of Neuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroblastoma with Paraneoplastic Syndromes.

Background: Neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children with variable manifestations and complications depending on the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes.

Materials And Methods: We performed a single institution retrospective cohort study of all patients less than 18 years old diagnosed with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma between January 2002 and July 2022. Patients were identified through the pathology and cancer registry and cross-referenced with pediatric records.

Component Costs of CAR-T Therapy in Addition to Treatment Acquisition Costs in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Introduction: Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), is a B-cell maturation antigen-directed, genetically modified autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy. It is indicated for treatment for adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. The objective of this study was to estimate the per-patient US commercial healthcare costs related to cilta-cel (CARVYKTI) CAR-T therapy (i.

Exploiting embryonic niche conditions to grow Wilms tumor blastema in culture.

Introduction: Wilms Tumor (WT), or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric kidney cancer. Most WTs display a "favorable" triphasic histology, in which the tumor is comprised of blastemal, stromal, and epithelial cell types. Blastemal predominance after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or diffuse anaplasia ("unfavorable" histology; 5-8%) portend a worse prognosis.

Intestinal Knockout of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha Affects Structural Adaptation but not Liver Injury Following Massive Enterectomy.

Background: Resection-associated liver steatosis, injury, and fibrosis is a devastating complication associated with massive small bowel resection (SBR). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is a key regulator of intestinal lipid transport and metabolism whose expression is selectively increased after SBR. Here we asked if attenuating intestinal PPARα signaling would prevent steatosis and liver injury after SBR.

Budget impact of introducing once-every-6-months paliperidone palmitate in US health care plans.

In the United States, most patients with schizophrenia have Medicaid coverage. Antipsychotic treatments are the cornerstone of schizophrenia management; most patients are treated with daily oral antipsychotics but struggle with medication adherence. Evidence suggests that medication adherence is inversely correlated with dosing frequency.

A novel maladaptive unfolded protein response as a mechanism for small bowel resection-induced liver injury.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a complex adaptive signaling pathway activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress (ERS) triggers a cascade of responses that converge upon C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) to drive inflammation and apoptosis. Herein, we sought to determine whether liver injury and fibrosis after small bowel resection (SBR) were mediated by a maladaptive hepatic ERS/UPR.

Race disparities in genetic alterations within Wilms tumor specimens.

Background: Wilms tumor (WT) affects Black children disproportionately. Genetic aberrations within WT specimens that contribute to this disparity have not been reported.

Methods: The Therapeutically Applied Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database was queried for WT patient and genomic features.

Health disparities among tennessee pediatric renal tumor patients.

Background/purpose: Wilms tumor (WT) poses a cancer health disparity to black children globally, which has not been evaluated thoroughly for other pediatric renal cancers. We aimed to characterize health disparities among Tennessee children treated for any renal cancer.

Methods: The Tennessee Cancer Registry (TCR) was queried for patients ≤18 years having any renal cancer (n = 160).

Minimally invasive surgery to treat embryonal tumors of childhood.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to resect primary and metastatic pediatric embryonal tumors offers the potential for reduced postoperative morbidity with smaller wounds, less pain, fewer surgical site infections, decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and less disruption to treatment regimens. However, significant controversy surrounds the question of whether a high-fidelity oncologic resection of childhood embryonal tumors with gross total resection, negative margins, and appropriate lymph node sampling can be achieved through MIS. This review outlines the diverse applications of MIS to treat definitively pediatric embryonal malignancies, including this approach to metastatic deposits.

Therapeutic laparoscopy for pediatric abdominal trauma.

Background: For the surgical treatment of traumatic hollow viscus injuries, laparoscopy offers a potentially less morbid approach to open exploration among appropriately selected patients. This study aimed to evaluate utilization trends and efficacy of laparoscopy in the management of pediatric abdominal trauma.

Study Design: To gain both study granularity and power, our institutional trauma registry (2005-2017) and the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB; 2010-2015) identified patients ≤18 years who required celiotomy for abdominal trauma.

Enhancing Recovery After Kasai Portoenterostomy With Epidural Analgesia.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare obstructive cholangiopathy that presents in early infancy. The Kasai portoenterostomy (PE) improves survival with the native liver. Epidural analgesia is an appealing option to control pain in this fragile patient population, yet its safety, efficacy, and potential benefits remain unproven.