Dietary habits and weight maintenance success in high versus low exercisers in the National Weight Control Registry.

Background: The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) was established to examine characteristics of successful weight loss maintainers. This study compares the diet and behavioral characteristics and weight regain trajectories of NWCR members with differing physical activity (PA) levels at baseline.

Methods: Participants (n = 3591) were divided into 4 levels of self-reported PA at registry entry (< 1000, 1000 to < 2250, 2250 to < 3500, and ≥ 3500 kcals/week).

Implicit and explicit weight bias in a national sample of 4,732 medical students: the medical student CHANGES study.

Objective: To examine the magnitude of explicit and implicit weight biases compared to biases against other groups; and identify student factors predicting bias in a large national sample of medical students.

Methods: A web-based survey was completed by 4,732 1st year medical students from 49 medical schools as part of a longitudinal study of medical education. The survey included a validated measure of implicit weight bias, the implicit association test, and 2 measures of explicit bias: a feeling thermometer and the anti-fat attitudes test.

Weight-loss maintenance for 10 years in the National Weight Control Registry.

Background: The challenge of weight-loss maintenance is well known, but few studies have followed successful weight losers over an extended period or evaluated the effect of behavior change on weight trajectories.

Purpose: To study the weight-loss trajectories of successful weight losers in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) over a 10-year period, and to evaluate the effect of behavior change on weight-loss trajectories.

Methods: A 10-year observational study of self-reported weight loss and behavior change in 2886 participants (78% female; mean age 48 years) in the NWCR who at entry had lost at least 30 lbs (13.

Does behavioral intervention in pregnancy reduce postpartum weight retention? Twelve-month outcomes of the Fit for Delivery randomized trial.

Background: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is a risk factor for postpartum weight retention and future weight gain and obesity. Whether a behavioral intervention in pregnancy can reduce long-term weight retention is unknown.

Objective: This randomized trial tested whether a low-intensity behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain could increase the proportion of women who returned to prepregnancy weight by 12 mo postpartum.

An institutional ethnography inquiry of health care work in special education: a research protocol.

Background: Special education for children with chronic health conditions or disabilities requires the integration of health care work with education. This phenomenon occurs in an understudied and challenging context for integrated care despite policies and protocols that outline work processes in this context. We are interested in an approach to inquiry that will allow us to address gaps in current literature and practices in integrated care, and move towards informing policy.

A brief self-affirmation study to improve the experience of minority patients.

Background: There is evidence that Black patients may experience stereotype threat--apprehension about being negatively stereotyped--in healthcare settings, which might adversely affect their behavior in clinical encounters. Recent studies conducted outside of healthcare have shown that a brief self-affirmation intervention, in which individuals are asked to focus on and affirm their valued characteristics and sources of personal pride, can reduce the negative effects of stereotype threat on academic performance and on interpersonal communication.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial examined whether a self-affirmation (SA) intervention would decrease the negative effects of stereotype threat (negative mood, lower state self-esteem, greater perceptions of racial discrimination) and increase communication self-efficacy among Black primary care patients.

Peroxiredoxin overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and regulation by cell proliferation and oxidative stress.

Peroxiredoxins are thiol-specific antioxidant proteins that protect cells from ROS-induced cell death and are elevated in several cancers. We found that five of the six mammalian peroxiredoxins are overexpressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells at the mRNA and protein levels, compared to noncancerous MCF-10A cells. Inhibition of MCF-7 proliferation reduced the levels of several peroxiredoxins.

Shear stress is a positive regulator of thimet oligopeptidase (EC3.4.24.15) in vascular endothelial cells: consequences for MHC1 levels.

Aims: Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP, endopeptidase EC3.4.24.

Umbilical cord prolapse.

Umbilical cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency that can have negative outcomes for the fetus. It is diagnosed by a palpable or visible cord and is often accompanied by severe, rapid fetal heart rate decelerations. Cases of cord prolapse should be delivered as soon as possible, usually by cesarean section.

Are prenatal, obstetric, and infant complications associated with postpartum psychosis among women with pre-conception psychiatric hospitalisations?

Objective: To examine the associations of maternal and infant complications with postpartum hospitalisation for psychosis in women with a pre-conception history of psychiatric hospitalisation.

Design: Population-based study.

Setting: Swedish medical birth register.

Unhealthy interactions: the role of stereotype threat in health disparities.

Stereotype threat is the unpleasant psychological experience of confronting negative stereotypes about race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or social status. Hundreds of published studies show how the experience of stereotype threat can impair intellectual functioning and interfere with test and school performance. Numerous published interventions derived from this research have improved the performance and motivation of individuals targeted by low-ability stereotypes.

Utilization of hospital-based chaplain services among newly diagnosed male Veterans Affairs colorectal cancer patients.

The aim of the study was to examine utilization of chaplain services among Veterans Affairs patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2009, the Cancer Care Assessment and Responsive Evaluation Studies questionnaire was mailed to VA CRC patients diagnosed in 2008 (67 % response rate). Multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with chaplain utilization.

Improved climate, culture, and communication through multidisciplinary training and instruction.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of multidisciplinary team training on organizational culture and team communication.

Study Design: The training included a 6-step protocol: (1) a pretest survey assessing cultural attitudes and perceptions, (2) a baseline high-fidelity simulation session, (3) invitational medical rhetoric instruction, (4) a second high-fidelity simulation session, (5) a posttest survey assessing changed cultural attitudes and perceptions, and (6) a debriefing with participants. Teams of 4 physicians trained together: 2 obstetricians and 2 anesthesiologists.

Renal disease in pregnancy ambulatory issues.

Acute and chronic renal disease will complicate prenatal care. Normal physiological changes during pregnancy make the urinary tract system more vulnerable to infectious complications or worsening of preexisting disease. Much of the focus of prenatal care includes screening for these concerns both at the onset of prenatal care and through the pregnancy and postpartum course.

Early determinants of obesity: genetic, epigenetic, and in utero influences.

There is an emerging body of work indicating that genes, epigenetics, and the in utero environment can impact whether or not a child is obese. While certain genes have been identified that increase one's risk for becoming obese, other factors such as excess gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes mellitus, and smoking can also influence this risk. Understanding these influences can help to inform which behaviors and exposures should be targeted if we are to decrease the prevalence of obesity.

Promotion rates for assistant and associate professors in obstetrics and gynecology.

Objective: To estimate promotion rates of physician faculty members in obstetrics and gynecology during the past 30 years

Methods: Data were collected annually by the Association of American Medical Colleges from every school between 1980 and 2009 for first-time assistant and associate professors to determine whether and when they were promoted. Data for full-time physician faculty were aggregated by decade (1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009). Faculty were included if they remained in academia for 10 years after beginning in rank.

The Relationship between Physical Activity Variety and Objectively Measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Levels in Weight Loss Maintainers and Normal-Weight Individuals.

Given the importance of physical activity (PA) for weight control, identifying strategies to achieve higher PA levels is imperative. We hypothesized that performing a greater variety of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous activities (MVPAs) would relate to higher objectively measured MVPA minutes in two groups who were successfully maintaining their body weight: weight loss maintainers (WLM/n = 226) and normal-weight individuals (NW/n = 169). The Paffenbarger Questionnaire and RT3 accelerometer were used to determine variety/number of different MVPAs performed and MVPA minutes, respectively.

Directions for advancing the study of work transitions in the 21st century.

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada.

Participants: Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged groups within society.

Methods: A participatory approach was used in this workshop with presentations by researchers and graduate students.

Aerobic exercise reduces neuronal responses in food reward brain regions.

Acute exercise suppresses ad libitum energy intake, but little is known about the effects of exercise on food reward brain regions. After an overnight fast, 30 (17 men, 13 women), healthy, habitually active (age = 22.2 ± 0.

Sources of potential lead exposure among pregnant women in New Mexico.

The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence and potential sources of lead exposure among pregnant women residing in a socially-disadvantaged immigrant community in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Pregnant women (n = 140) receiving prenatal care through a community clinic participated in a structured interview and screening to measure their blood lead levels (BLLs). Potential sources of lead exposure were ascertained by the CDC and New Mexico Department of Health questionnaires.

Weight loss prevents urinary incontinence in women with type 2 diabetes: results from the Look AHEAD trial.

Purpose: We determined the effect of weight loss on the prevalence, incidence and resolution of weekly or more frequent urinary incontinence in overweight/obese women with type 2 diabetes after 1 year of intervention in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial.

Materials And Methods: Women in this substudy (2,739, mean ± SD age 57.9 ± 6.

Agreement between self-report and prescription data in medical records for pregnant women.

BACKGROUND Clinical teratology studies often rely on patient reports of medication use in pregnancy with or without other sources of information. Electronic medical records (EMRs), administrative databases, pharmacy dispensing records, drug registries, and patients' self-reports are all widely used sources of information to assess potential teratogenic effect of medications. The objective of this study was to assess comparability of self-reported and prescription medication data in EMRs for the most common therapeutic classes.

"Exercise dependence"--a problem or natural result of high activity?

Objectives: To compare physical activity (PA) and exercise dependence (ED) in 267 weight-loss maintainers (WLM) and 213 normal-weight (NW) controls.

Methods: PA and ED assessed via accelerometery and the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire.

Results: WLM had higher PA levels and ED scores than those of NW (P< 0.

Differential expression and function of peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 6 in cancerous MCF-7 and noncancerous MCF-10A breast epithelial cells.

Peroxiredoxins are thiol-specific antioxidant proteins whose expression is elevated in several cancers. We compared the expression and function of Prdx1 and Prdx6 between the MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line and the noncancerous MCF-10A cell line. We found elevated Prdx1 expression in MCF-7 cells and comparable expression of Prdx6.

Is policy well-targeted to remedy financial strain among caregivers of severely injured U.S. service members?

U.S. military service members have sustained severe injuries since the start of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.