Impact of race-based calculations of eGFR on the management of muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has historically been calculated with a race-coefficient multiplier (RCM); however, the RCM has been broadly criticized as inaccurate and a potential contributor to exacerbating disparities. We evaluated the impact of the RCM on eGFR and examined the 30-day post-cystectomy complications in a muscle-invasive bladder cancer cohort.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with MIBC who underwent cystectomy in the ACS NSQIP database from 2006 to 2020 using CPT and ICD codes.

Bispecific antibody targeting of lipid nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are the most clinically advanced non-viral gene delivery system. While progress has been made for enhancing delivery, cell specific targeting remains a challenge. Targeting moieties such as antibodies can be chemically-conjugated to LNPs however, this approach is complex and has challenges for scaling up.

Calcineurin/NFAT inhibitors maintain cognition in a preclinical prevention study in an aging canine model of Alzheimer disease.

Brain signaling of calcineurin (CN) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor increases in Alzheimer disease (AD) and is associated with synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, amyloid-β (Aβ) production, and cognitive decline. CN/NFAT inhibitors ameliorate these neuropathologies in mouse models of AD. Further, chronic use of tacrolimus in transplant patients reduces risk of AD.

New insights into healthy ageing, inflammageing and frailty using metabolomics.

Human ageing is a normal process and does not necessarily result in the development of frailty. A mix of genetic, environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors can have an impact on ageing, and whether an individual develops frailty. Frailty is defined as the loss of physiological reserve both at the physical and cellular levels, where systemic processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to physical decline.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in Unhoused Children Increase Odds of Psychiatric Illness, Physical Illness, and Psychiatric Admission.

Unhoused children and adolescents have high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The objective of this study was to characterize a large cohort of unhoused children and investigate rates of psychiatric diagnoses, medical diagnoses, and utilization of emergency department (ED) resources depending on the presence of additional documented ACEs. A retrospective cohort of all unhoused children who presented to the ED of a large Midwestern health system from January 2014 to July 2019 were included.

Winning researchers unlocked GLP-1 drugs for obesity.

Award recognizes individuals whose work best underpins the Breakthrough of the Year.

Age-Related Brain Atrophy and the Positive Effects of Behavioral Enrichment in Middle-Aged Beagles.

Aging dogs serve as a valuable preclinical model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to their natural age-related development of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, human-like metabolism, and large brains that are ideal for studying structural brain aging trajectories from serial neuroimaging. Here we examined the effects of chronic treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) tacrolimus or the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-inhibiting compound Q134R on age-related canine brain atrophy from a longitudinal study in middle-aged beagles (36 females, 7 males) undergoing behavioral enrichment. Annual MRI was analyzed using modern, automated techniques for region-of-interest-based and voxel-based volumetric assessments.

Longitudinal Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Postpartum Women.

Pregnancy-related cardiovascular (CV) conditions, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes (GDM), are associated with increased long-term CV risk. This retrospective cohort study defined the prevalence of HDP and GDM within a large, academic health system in the southeast United States between 2012 and 2015 and described health care utilization and routine CV screening up to 1-year following delivery among those with pregnancy-related CV conditions. Rates of follow-up visits and blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid screening in the first postpartum year were compared by provider type and pregnancy-related CV condition.

Multicomponent perinatal breastfeeding support in women with BMI >25: The Latch On multi-centre randomised trial.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent breastfeeding support intervention on breastfeeding prevalence at 3 months among women with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m.

Design: Multicentre multicomponent randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Four maternity centres in Ireland.

Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by the choline-kinase inhibitor JAS239 varies with cell type and hypoxia.

Background: Elevated choline kinase alpha (ChoK) is observed in most solid tumours including glioblastomas (GBM), yet until recently, inhibitors of ChoK have demonstrated limited efficacy in GBM models. Given that hypoxia is associated with GBM therapy resistance, we hypothesised that tumour hypoxia could be responsible for such limitations. We therefore evaluated in GBM cells, the effect of hypoxia on the function of JAS239, a potent ChoK inhibitor.

Surgical treatment of nutcracker syndrome results in improved pain and quality of life.

Background: Left renal vein (LRV) compression, or nutcracker phenomenon, describes the compression of the LRV, most commonly between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The outflow obstruction that occurs from the compression causes venous hypertension leading to the development of pelvic collaterals, lumbar vein engorgement and gonadal vein reflux. The symptoms associated with LRV compression include abdominal pain, left flank pain, back pain, headache, pelvic pain/pressure, and hematuria.

Determining predictive metabolomic biomarkers of meniscal injury in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Objectives: This study used hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the first time to examine differences in the metabolomic profile of stifle joint synovial fluid from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture with and without meniscal injuries, in order to identify biomarkers of meniscal injury. Identifying a biomarker of meniscal injury could then ultimately be used to design a minimally invasive diagnostic test for meniscal injuries in dogs.

Materials And Methods: Stifle joint synovial fluid was collected from dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery or arthrocentesis for lameness investigations.

Emergency department evaluation of nurse triage questions about safe-at-home and abuse or neglect in traumatic ocular injuries.

Objectives: Approximately 10 million Americans experience acts of physical violence by an intimate partner (IPV). Ocular injuries can present as a symptom of IPV in the emergency department, but IPV remains underreported in the literature. Understanding the incidence and trends in IPV-associated ocular injuries in the emergency department could increase the detection of at-risk patients otherwise overlooked.

JAK1 inhibition with abrocitinib decreases allergen-specific basophil and T-cell activation in pediatric peanut allergy.

Background: JAK1 is a signaling molecule downstream of cytokine receptors, including IL-4 receptor α. Abrocitinib is an oral JAK1 inhibitor; it is a safe and effective US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the effect of abrocitinib on basophil activation and T-cell activation in patients with peanut allergy to determine the potential for use of JAK1 inhibitors as a monotherapy or an adjuvant to peanut oral immunotherapy.

Airway metabolic profiling during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection identifies branched chain amino acids as signatures of upper airway colonisation.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and bacteraemia and is capable of remarkable phenotypic plasticity, responding rapidly to environmental change. Pneumococcus is a nasopharyngeal commensal, but is responsible for severe, acute infections following dissemination within-host. Pneumococcus is adept at utilising host resources, but the airways are compartmentalised and those resources are not evenly distributed.

Antemortem Health System Utilization in People Experiencing Homelessness Who Died in the Emergency Department.

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have high rates of mortality, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and emergency department utilization. In this study, a health system's emergency department encounters were evaluated to identify PEH who died in the emergency department. Patient demographics, medical history, prehospital and emergency department characteristics, and health care utilization patterns were collected.

AAAS bestows new award.

Inaugural Mani L. Bhaumik Breakthrough of the Year Award honors NASA contributors.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Morphology-Based Enrichment of Malignant Cells from Body Fluid.

Cell morphology is a fundamental feature used to evaluate patient specimens in pathologic analysis. However, traditional cytopathology analysis of patient effusion samples is limited by low tumor cell abundance coupled with the high background of nonmalignant cells, restricting the ability of downstream molecular and functional analyses to identify actionable therapeutic targets. We applied the Deepcell platform that combines microfluidic sorting, brightfield imaging, and real-time deep learning interpretations based on multidimensional morphology to enrich carcinoma cells from malignant effusions without cell staining or labels.

The Combined Use of Automated Milking System and Sensor Data to Improve Detection of Mild Lameness in Dairy Cattle.

This study aimed to develop a tool to detect mildly lame cows by combining already existing data from sensors, AMSs, and routinely recorded animal and farm data. For this purpose, ten dairy farms were visited every 30-42 days from January 2020 to May 2021. Locomotion scores (LCS, from one for nonlame to five for severely lame) and body condition scores (BCS) were assessed at each visit, resulting in a total of 594 recorded animals.

The efficacy of a range of hygiene measures for boot cleaning to protect natural vegetation from Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Phytophthora cinnamomi is an oomycete found in the soil and capable of invading the roots of a wide range of host plants globally, potentially killing them and affecting the ecosystems they inhabit. This pathogen is often inadvertently dispersed in natural vegetation on the footwear of humans. A range of equipment is often provided or recommended to be carried for cleaning footwear in places where P.