Improving organic and nutrient removal efficiencies in seafood processing wastewater using anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) integrates with anoxic/oxic (AO) processes.

Wastewater from seafood processing is a significant source of pollution, containing many harmful organic and inorganic compounds such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nitrogen and phosphorus. This study investigated the enhancement of organic and nutrient removal efficiencies in seafood processing wastewater by integrating an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) with an anoxic/oxic (AO) processes. A pilot-scale system was constructed with a capacity of 0.

Development and validation of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of six bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are major bacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) globally, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens poses significant challenges for their effective antibiotic therapy. In low-resourced settings, patients with LRTIs are prescribed antibiotics empirically while awaiting several days for culture results.

The seroincidence of childhood Shigella sonnei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Background: Shigella sonnei is a pathogen of growing global importance as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in childhood, particularly in transitional low-middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we sought to determine the incidence of childhood exposure to S. sonnei infection in a contemporary transitional LMIC population, where it represents the dominant Shigella species.

The clinical features and genomic epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam.

Objectives: To characterise the clinical features of Acinetobacter baumannii infections and investigate the phylogenetic structure and transmission dynamics of A. baumannii in Vietnam.

Methods: Between 2019 and 2020, a surveillance of A.

An observational study of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infections among vaccinated healthcare workers in Vietnam.

Background: Data on breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infections in vaccinated individuals are limited.

Methods: We studied breakthrough infections among Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccinated healthcare workers in an infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We collected demographic and clinical data alongside serial PCR testing, measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and viral whole-genome sequencing.

A universal genome sequencing method for rotavirus A from human fecal samples which identifies segment reassortment and multi-genotype mixed infection.

Background: Genomic characterization of rotavirus (RoV) has not been adopted at large-scale due to the complexity of obtaining sequences for all 11 segments, particularly when feces are used as starting material.

Methods: To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel RoV capture and genome sequencing method combining commercial enzyme immunoassay plates and a set of routinely used reagents.

Results: Our approach had a 100% success rate, producing >90% genome coverage for diverse RoV present in fecal samples (Ct < 30).

Evaluation of Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay for Detection of Multiple Diarrheal Pathogens in Fecal Samples in Vietnam.

Diarrheal disease is a complex syndrome that remains a leading cause of global childhood morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of enteric pathogens in a timely and precise manner is important for making treatment decisions and informing public health policy, but accurate diagnosis is a major challenge in industrializing countries. Multiplex molecular diagnostic techniques may represent a significant improvement over classical approaches.

The Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (VIZIONS): A Strategic Approach to Studying Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases.

The effect of newly emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin in human populations can be potentially catastrophic, and large-scale investigations of such diseases are highly challenging. The monitoring of emergence events is subject to ascertainment bias, whether at the level of species discovery, emerging disease events, or disease outbreaks in human populations. Disease surveillance is generally performed post hoc, driven by a response to recent events and by the availability of detection and identification technologies.

The epidemiology and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infancy in southern Vietnam: a birth cohort study.

Objectives: Previous studies indicate a high burden of diarrhoeal disease in Vietnamese children, however longitudinal community-based data on burden and aetiology are limited. The findings from a large, prospective cohort study of diarrhoeal disease in infants in southern Vietnam are presented herein.

Methods: Infants were enrolled at birth in urban Ho Chi Minh City and a semi-rural district in southern Vietnam, and followed for 12 months (n=6706).

A prospective multi-center observational study of children hospitalized with diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

We performed a prospective multicenter study to address the lack of data on the etiology, clinical and demographic features of hospitalized pediatric diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Over 2,000 (1,419 symptomatic and 609 non-diarrheal control) children were enrolled in three hospitals over a 1-year period in 2009-2010. Aiming to detect a panel of pathogens, we identified a known diarrheal pathogen in stool samples from 1,067/1,419 (75.

High levels of contamination and antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars on pig and poultry farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.

We investigated the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and associated risk factors on 341 pig, chicken, and duck farms in Dong Thap province (Mekong Delta, Vietnam). Sampling was stratified by species, district (four categories), and farm size (three categories). Pooled faeces, collected using boot swabs, were tested using ISO 6575: 2002 (Annex D).

Novel porcine-like human G26P[19] rotavirus identified in hospitalized paediatric diarrhoea patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

During a hospital-based diarrhoeal disease study conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from 2009 to 2010, we identified four symptomatic children infected with G26P[19] rotavirus (RV)--an atypical variant that has not previously been reported in human gastroenteritis. To determine the genetic structure and investigate the origin of this G26P[19] strain, the whole genome of a representative example was characterized, revealing a novel genome constellation: G26-P[19]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. The genome segments were most closely related to porcine (VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP1) and Wa-like porcine RVs (VP1-3 and NSP2-5).

Fitness benefits in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in the absence of antimicrobial pressure.

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are the recommended antimicrobial treatment for typhoid, a severe systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. FQ-resistance mutations in S. Typhi have become common, hindering treatment and control efforts.

An epidemiological investigation of Campylobacter in pig and poultry farms in the Mekong delta of Vietnam.

Campylobacter are zoonotic pathogens commonly associated with gastroenteritis. To assess the relevance of Campylobacter in Vietnam, an economically transitioning country in SE Asia, we conducted a survey of 343 pig and poultry farms in the Mekong delta, a region characterized by mixed species farming with limited biosecurity. The animal-level prevalence of Campylobacter was 31·9%, 23·9% and 53·7% for chickens, ducks and pigs, respectively.

The validation and utility of a quantitative one-step multiplex RT real-time PCR targeting rotavirus A and norovirus.

Rotavirus (RoV) and Norovirus (NoV) are the main causes of viral gastroenteritis. Currently, there is no validated multiplex real-time PCR that can detect and quantify RoV and NoV simultaneously. The aim of the study was to develop, validate, and internally control a multiplex one-step RT real-time PCR to detect and quantify RoV and NoV in stool samples.

Exponential stabilization of neural networks with various activation functions and mixed time-varying delays.

This paper presents some results on the global exponential stabilization for neural networks with various activation functions and time-varying continuously distributed delays. Based on augmented time-varying Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, new delay-dependent conditions for the global exponential stabilization are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of our results.

Surface healing and histologic maturation of patent polytetrafluoroethylene grafts implanted in patients for up to 60 months.

Histologic, transmission, and scanning electron microscopic observations were made of 26 biopsy specimens from patent polytetrafluoroethylene grafts that had been implanted as arterial bypasses for up to 60 months. The results showed the rarity of host connective tissue ingrowth, the absence of neovascularization, and the limited neointimal proliferation. The defect of staining for factor VIII-related antigen by immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of true endothelial cells at a distance from the anastomoses.

[Fibromyolipoma of the uterus. Apropos of a case with a review of the medical literature].

A case of uterine fibromyolipoma in a 75 year old woman suffering from an uterine prolapse is reported. The clinical course, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics are presented and compared with those in the medical literature. The possible histogenesis is discussed.

[Detection of endometrial stromal sarcoma using endometrial cytology. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of endometrial stromal sarcoma which was detected by endometrial cytology. The tumour originates either in the stroma of the endometrium or in foci of myometrial adenomyosis. It occurs most frequently in patients who are more than 60 years of age.

Early histological changes in acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis. A retrospective pathological study of 20 total pancreatectomy specimens.

Settled lesions of acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis have been commonly reported. Early alterations remained unknown. In a retrospective pathological study of 20 total pancreatectomy specimens, early changes have been evidenced in "grossly unmodified" areas of pancreas: acinar cells homogenization, ductal dilatation with epithelial degeneration, diffuse interstitial edema and fibroblastic reaction, necrotic angeitis .

[Unusual cytologic aspects of cervico-vaginal trichomoniasis. Study of cervico-vaginal smears stained by the Papanicolaou's method].

Trichomonas vaginalis has been recognized by cytologists in Papanicolaou-stained smears of cervical and vaginal secretions for some years. The highest percentage of positive Trichomonas vaginalis detection was obtained with this technique. Classical cytologic aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis infection on Papanicolaou-stained smears have been commonly reported: cytoplasmic alterations with amphophilia, eosinophilia, perinuclear halo, vacuolisation; nuclear abnormalities with pycnosis, dysplasia-like atypia.