CYRAD: a translational study assessing immune response to radiotherapy by photons or protons in postoperative head and neck cancer patients through circulating leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine levels.

Background: Radiotherapy has both immunostimulant and immunosuppressive effects, particularly in radiation-induced lymphopenia. Proton therapy has demonstrated potential in mitigating this lymphopenia, yet the mechanisms by which different types of radiation affect the immune system function are not fully characterized. The Circulating Immunes Cells, Cytokines and Brain Radiotherapy (CYRAD) trial aims to compare the effects of postoperative X-ray and proton radiotherapy on circulating leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine levels in patients with head and neck (CNS and ear nose throat) cancer.

Differential plasma cytokine variation following X-ray or proton brain irradiation using machine-learning approaches.

Purpose: X-ray and proton irradiation have been reported to induce distinct modifications in cytokine expression in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a dissimilar inflammatory response between X-rays and protons. We aimed to investigate the differences in cytokine profiles early following fractionated brain irradiation with X-rays or protons and their relationship with leukocyte subpopulations in rodents.

Materials And Methods: Our study utilized data from 80 tumor-free mice subjected to X-ray or proton brain irradiation in four fractions of 2.

Revealing the effect of X-ray or proton brain irradiation on systemic inflammation and leukocyte subpopulation interplay in rodents.

The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) offer convenient means to assess systemic inflammation post-cancer treatment, which influences treatment outcomes. Understanding these biomarker variations and leukocyte subpopulation interplay is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy. Herein, leukocyte subpopulations (T-CD4+, T-CD8+, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes) during and after brain irradiation (using X-rays or protons) in tumor-free mice were used to compute ALC, LMR, and NLR, on which radiation parameter influence was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA).

Lymphocyte radiosensitivity: An extension to the linear-quadratic model?

Background And Purpose: The linear-quadratic (LQ) model has been pivotal for evaluating the effects of radiation on cells, but it is primarily characterized by linear responses, which has exhibited limitations when applied to lymphocyte data. The present research aims to address these limitations and to explore an alternative model extended from the conventional LQ model.

Materials And Methods: Literature providing lymphocyte counts from assays investigating apoptosis and survival after in vitro irradiation was selected.

Hepatic abscess due to species in neonates: Case reports in Vietnam.

Neonatal hepatic abscess (NHA) is a fatal condition in neonates. NHA can be caused by many organisms including bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Fungal NHA is a rare but troublesome cause in terms of diagnosis and treatment.

Beyond lymphopenia, unraveling radiation-induced leucocyte subpopulation kinetics and mechanisms through modeling approaches.

Leucocyte subpopulations in both lymphoid and myeloid lineages have a significant impact on antitumor immune response. While radiation-induced lymphopenia is being studied extensively, radiation effects on lymphoid and myeloid subtypes have been relatively less addressed. Interactions between leucocyte subpopulations, their specific radiation sensitivity and the specific kinetics of each subpopulation can be modeled based on both experimental data and knowledge of physiological leucocyte depletion, production, proliferation, maturation and homeostasis.