Investigating the potential of waste oyster shell as a sustainable bio-mordant in natural dyeing.

The use of natural bioresources in textile dyeing has attracted significant research interest due to their environmentally friendly and low-toxic nature. This study investigated the utilization of waste oyster shell (WOS) as a bio-mordant combined with sappan wood extract to dye silk fabrics using pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting method. The crystal structure of CaCO derived from WOS and their impact on color properties, color strength and color fastness were analyzed.

Time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the aortic chronic dissection flap.

Objectives: The transition of aortic dissection from acute to chronic is poorly understood. We examined time-dependent mechanical behaviour and biochemical properties of chronic dissection tissues.

Methods: Aorta samples were obtained from 14 patients with mixed aetiology who were undergoing elective surgery for chronic dissected aneurysms, ranging from 3 months to 15 years post-dissection.