Next generation sequencing reveals packaging of host RNAs by brome mosaic virus.

Although RNA viruses evolved the mechanisms of specific encapsidation, miss-packaging of cellular RNAs has been reported in such RNA virus systems as flock house virus or cucumber necrosis virus. To find out if brome mosaic virus (BMV), a tripartite RNA virus, can package cellular RNAs, BMV was propagated in barley and in Nicotiana benthamiana hosts, purified by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient ultracentrifugation followed by nuclease treatment to remove any contaminating cellular (host) RNAs. The extracted virion RNA was then sequenced by using next-generation sequencing (NGS RNA-Seq) with the Illumina protocol.

Co-infection with two strains of Brome mosaic bromovirus reveals common RNA recombination sites in different hosts.

We have previously reported intra-segmental crossovers in Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNAs. In this work, we studied the homologous recombination of BMV RNA in three different hosts: barley (, , and that were co-infected with two strains of BMV: Russian (R) and Fescue (F). Our work aimed at (1) establishing the frequency of recombination, (2) mapping the recombination hot spots, and (3) addressing host effects.

Multiple functions of capsid proteins in (+) stranded RNA viruses during plant-virus interactions.

In addition to providing a protective shell for genomic RNA(s), the coat (capsid) proteins (CPs) of plus-stranded RNA viruses play a variety of other functions that condition the plant-virus relationship. In this review we outline the extensive research progress that has been made within the last decade on those CP characteristics that relate to virus infectivity, pathogenicity, symptom expression, interactions with host factors, virus movement, vector transmission, host range, as well as those used to study virus evolution. By discussing the examples among a variety of plant RNA viruses we show that in addition to general features and pathways, the involvement of CPs may assume very distinct tasks that depend on the particular virus life style.

[In vitro activity of the pristinamycin against the isolated staphylococci in the french hospitals in 1999-2000].

One thousand six hundred and fifty clinically significant, consecutive and non redundant strains of staphylococci, including 863 Staphylococcus aureus and 787 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), were isolated between October 1999 and March 2000 in 35 French hospital laboratories. Susceptibilities were determined in each center by a standard diffusion method according to the recommendations of CA-SFM. Strains with vancomycin zone size diameter <17 mm were sent to the central laboratory for MIC determination of vancomycin by agar dilution, as recommended by the CA-CSFM.