Fluorescence microscopy of mycobacteria in pleural effusions.

The diagnostic advantage of fluorescence microscopy (FM) of Papanicolaou-stained cytological specimens obtained by bronchoscopy has been described previously. This study was designed to evaluate the method's diagnostic benefit in cytological preparations of pleural effusions in cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis. In contrast to bronchial material there is no advantage in cytological evaluation of pleural effusions by FM.

Aspergillus in the Papanicolaou stain: morphology, fluorescence and diagnostic feasibility.

Aspergillus species exhibit a distinct and clear fluorescence in Papanicolaou-stained cytological samples. The Papanicolaou (PAP) stain enhances the autofluorescence of cultured aspergilli and allows better cytological recognition of the fungus by fluorescence microscopy when it is not easily discerned from its surroundings by light microscopy. Morphological properties can be better distinguished and facilitate the differentiation of aspergillus organisms from other filamentous fungi.

Cytomorphologic findings in fine needle aspiration specimens of eosinophilic renal cell carcinoma.

The cytologic morphology of an eosinophilic renal cell carcinoma verified by histology is demonstrated. We describe the morphologic criteria for the differential diagnosis of the types of renal cell carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology and discuss the role of this procedure in the diagnosis of the entity.

Morphological study of bacteria of the respiratory system using fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained smears with special regard to the identification of Mycobacteria sp.

In Papanicolaou-stained smears certain structures such as nucleoli, Pneumocystis carinii, Charcot-Leyden crystals, bacteria and fungi show a brilliant fluorescence. The morphological characteristics of microorganisms which can be detected by this system, especially mycobacteria, are described. This screening method offers the possibility of providing the clinician with a provisional diagnosis within hours.

The cytologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium kansasi tuberculosis by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained specimens.

The sensitivities of (i) Papanicolaou fluorescence, (ii) auramine rhodamine fluorescence, and (iii) Ziehl-Neelsen staining were compared for their ability to detect the atypical mycobacterium Myco. kansasi in cytological samples. Ninety-two cases were investigated, and the sensitivities of the three methods of detection were found to be 36.

Cytology of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

The cytology of five cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei is described. It is characterized by large masses of mucinous material, some of which is wrapped up in a network of elongated fibroblast-like cells. Irregular clusters of flat branching vimentin-positive fibroblast-like cells may be found as the disease progresses.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA)-induced necrosis of tumours of the thyroid.

Two cases of necrosis of thyroid oxyphilic tumours following FNA are reported. The first patient received surgery 4 weeks after FNA and histological examination revealed an encapsulated and totally necrotic tumour 2 cm in diameter. In the second patient surgery was performed after 25 days.

The cytodiagnosis of meningeal involvement in familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

The cytological appearances of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in two cases of familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) are described. The presence of numerous lymphocytes and immature macrophages in the CSF, some of which showed lymphohistiocytosis, was indicative of meningeal involvement. The appearance of large numbers of immature macrophages indicated rapid deterioration and death within a few weeks.

Detection of Charcot-Leyden crystals by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained smears of sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and bronchial secretions.

Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine Papanicolaou-stained smears of sputum and other secretions from the respiratory tract. Under these conditions Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC) appear as bright yellow-green fluorescing needles. The study was performed to determine the value of this approach for the diagnosis of allergic lung diseases.

[New aspects of effusion cytology in borderline ovarian cancer].

The diagnosis of a case of ovarian borderline carcinoma with unspecific clinical and laboratory results finally made an explorative laparotomy necessary. The cytology of ascites and pleural effusion was in contrast to the "typical" findings of this entity, showing many single cells and small cloverleaf-like complexes. The morphological and immunological findings are discussed.

Quantitative differences in phagocytosis and degradation of Pneumocystis carinii by alveolar macrophages in AIDS and non-HIV patients in vivo.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens (n = 213) from AIDS and non-HIV immunosuppressed patients were investigated for the presence of Pneumocystis carinii infection by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained slides. Alveolar casts, extracellular pneumocysts and phagocytosed cysts and their degradation products in pulmonary alveolar macrophages were identified. The number of phagocytosed pneumocysts within human pulmonary alveolar macrophages was recorded and correlated with the number of extracellular cysts and alveolar casts, in both groups of patients.

Identification of phagocytosed Pneumocystis carinii in human pulmonary alveolar macrophages.

Examination of Papanicolaou-stained bronchoalveolar lavage samples from cases with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis under ultra-violet light reveals alveolar macrophages packed with fluorescent inclusions. Immunoenzymatic staining of the alveolar macrophages with a monoclonal antibody specific for P. carinii (3F6) showed that these inclusions contain intact pneumocysts or their degradation products.

Monoclonal antibody Due ABC 3 directed against transitional cell carcinoma. II. Prospective trial on the diagnostic value of immunocytology using monoclonal antibody Due ABC 3.

Recently, the development of monoclonal antibody Due ABC 3 directed against transitional cell carcinoma has been reported. With this monoclonal antibody an in vitro test system for diagnosis and followup of patients with transitional cell carcinoma has been developed. The clinical value of this assay, designated as quantitative immunocytology, was evaluated in a prospective trial and compared to conventional cytology.

Pressure induced hypertrophy in the hearts of growing dwarf pigs.

The left ventricles of 8 sibling dwarf pigs were stressed by banding the aorta ascendens for 7 to 49 days. There was no developmental retardation. Neither light nor electron microscopic controls showed signs of insufficiency.

The cytological diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.

In a retrospective and prospective analysis fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimens has been applied to the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii (PC) in routine cytology. The pneumocysts presented as circular structures of 5 microns in diameter and of brilliant green-yellow fluorescence surrounding two mirror image reniform structures. Fluorescent inclusions of 1-3 microns diameter within the alveolar macrophages could be identified as remnants of pneumocysts by a follow-up of all steps of degradation ending in very small irregular granules.

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a borderline mesothelioma. Report of two cases and review of literature.

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is considered to be a distinct subtype of peritoneal mesothelioma. Although the WDPM is usually qualified as benign, the natural history of this lesion has not been clearly established. This report relates to two WDPMs which were found incidentally.

Case of cyclopia with an unbalanced karyotype attributable to a balanced 3/7 translocation.

This report presents a case of cyclopia attributable to an unbalanced karyotype in a family with a balanced, reciprocal 3/7 translocation. This case was the fifth recorded in three generations of this family. From this report it is possible that the simultaneous action of partial trisomy 3p and partial monosomy 7q may be one cause of holoprosencephaly.

Lavage fluid from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A model for mesothelial cell changes.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) lavage can be interpreted as an artificial short-term ascites. The cellular content of 362 CAPD specimens from 32 patients was investigated. Irregular inflammatory reactions were seen in 85.

[Fine needle puncture cytology in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma].

Distant metastases occur in 50% of cases of HCC. Bones are involved in 11% with the spine as the most important localization. In the reported case a tumorous mass in the liver, suspicious for HCC according to clinical and cytological criteria, was proved to be malignant by the cytologic examination of a metastasis to the sacrum.

Tetraedric and sand-glass crystals in the urine.

Sand-glass and tetraedric crystals often occur in cytologic evaluations of urinary sediments as a secondary finding. The analyses show inflammation and an increase in protein casts as accompanying changes. The basic diseases are primarily renal but unspecific.

Primary malignant melanoblastosis of the meninges. Clinical, cytologic and neuropathologic findings in a case.

A 66-year-old man presented with a six-month history of neurologic symptoms suggestive of a craniospinal tumor or a diffuse inflammatory process in the subarachnoid space. Cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed inflammatory changes and malignant melanin-containing cells, leading to a diagnosis of meningeal spread of a melanoma. There was no history of skin excisions and no clinical evidence of primary melanoma of the eye.