A High-End Estimate of Sea Level Rise for Practitioners.

Sea level rise (SLR) is a long-lasting consequence of climate change because global anthropogenic warming takes centuries to millennia to equilibrate for the deep ocean and ice sheets. SLR projections based on climate models support policy analysis, risk assessment and adaptation planning today, despite their large uncertainties. The central range of the SLR distribution is estimated by process-based models.

Rapid expansion of Greenland's low-permeability ice slabs.

In recent decades, meltwater runoff has accelerated to become the dominant mechanism for mass loss in the Greenland ice sheet. In Greenland's high-elevation interior, porous snow and firn accumulate; these can absorb surface meltwater and inhibit runoff, but this buffering effect is limited if enough water refreezes near the surface to restrict percolation. However, the influence of refreezing on runoff from Greenland remains largely unquantified.

A reconciled estimate of glacier contributions to sea level rise: 2003 to 2009.

Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world's oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records.

Greenland ice-sheet contribution to sea-level rise buffered by meltwater storage in firn.

Surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet has shown increasing trends in areal extent and duration since the beginning of the satellite era. Records for melt were broken in 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2012. Much of the increased surface melt is occurring in the percolation zone, a region of the accumulation area that is perennially covered by snow and firn (partly compacted snow).

Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise.

Glaciers and ice caps (GICs) are important contributors to present-day global mean sea level rise. Most previous global mass balance estimates for GICs rely on extrapolation of sparse mass balance measurements representing only a small fraction of the GIC area, leaving their overall contribution to sea level rise unclear. Here we show that GICs, excluding the Greenland and Antarctic peripheral GICs, lost mass at a rate of 148 ± 30 Gt yr(-1) from January 2003 to December 2010, contributing 0.

Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise.

On the basis of climate modeling and analogies with past conditions, the potential for multimeter increases in sea level by the end of the 21st century has been proposed. We consider glaciological conditions required for large sea-level rise to occur by 2100 and conclude that increases in excess of 2 meters are physically untenable. We find that a total sea-level rise of about 2 meters by 2100 could occur under physically possible glaciological conditions but only if all variables are quickly accelerated to extremely high limits.

Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century.

Ice loss to the sea currently accounts for virtually all of the sea-level rise that is not attributable to ocean warming, and about 60% of the ice loss is from glaciers and ice caps rather than from the two ice sheets. The contribution of these smaller glaciers has accelerated over the past decade, in part due to marked thinning and retreat of marine-terminating glaciers associated with a dynamic instability that is generally not considered in mass-balance and climate modeling. This acceleration of glacier melt may cause 0.

Official dosimetry with personal electronic dosemeters--the framework in Germany.

In Germany, personal electronic dosemeters (AEPDs) are presently applied mainly for operational radiation protection monitoring particularly in nuclear power engineering companies, large hospitals and research centres. This is done in addition to the official dosimetry of record. Therefore, frequently, double monitoring occurs-officially and operationally.

Three-dimensional deformation measured in an alaskan glacier.

Measurements of movement along 28 boreholes reveal the three-dimensional flow field in a 6 million cubic meter reach of Worthington Glacier, a temperate valley glacier located in Alaska. Sliding at the bed accounted for 60 to 70 percent of the glacier's surface motion. Strain rates in the ice were low from the surface to a depth of about 120 meters, but then increased rapidly toward the bed.

Determination of 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl chloroformate-labeled amino acids by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography with absorbance or fluorescence detection.

A new precolumn reagent for amino acid determination, 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl chloroformate (AEOC), was introduced to obtain higher sensitivity in two capillary separation techniques, liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoresis (CE). The chromophore in the (9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate (FMOC) reagent was replaced by anthracene, which resulted in a reagent with very high molar absorptivity (epsilon 256 = 180,000 L mol-1 cm-1). This permits AEOC-tagged species to be detected at nanomolar levels with UV absorbance detection in standard 50-microns-i.

A topological concept of smallness.

We introduce a concept of smallness yielding topological spaces intuitively smaller than those that are simultaneously of universal measure zero and perfectly meager. Without any set-theoretic assumptions we show that there is a small uncountable algebraic subfield of the reals.

Artificial insemination with husband's semen: prognostic factors.

This retrospective review of 38 couples has considered 148 cycles of artificial insemination with husband's semen (AIH) and 178 cycles of natural insemination with husband's semen (NIH). The indication for AIH in every case was that postcoital testing had revealed less than 15 motile sperm/high-power field of endocervical mucus. Conception through AIH occurred in 12 cases; 1 couple conceived by NIH.

The effect of dexamethasone and promethazine administration on adhesion formation, tubal function, and ultrastructure following microsurgical anastomosis of rabbit oviducts.

In a controlled study, 24 rabbits underwent bilateral division and immediate microsurgical anastomosis of the oviducts. Dexamethasone and promethazine were administered to 13 rabbits in a dose and route of administration similar to those used in clinical practice. Eleven control rabbits received a saline vehicle.