Traumatic dental injuries in the first year of life and related risk factors in three regions of Brazil: a multicenter birth cohort study.

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in early childhood exert a negative impact on the quality of life of children and their families. However, there is no evidence from cohort studies on which to base prevention strategies at the beginning of life, when children are entirely dependent upon supervision. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of TDI in the first year of life and explore risk factors in a birth cohort followed up in three major cities in different regions of Brazil.

Surface roughness of composite resins subjected to brushing with whitening toothpastes: an in vitro study.

The emergence of toothpastes containing different abrasive and whitening substances has been a constant concern among dental professionals. The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro assessment of the surface topography of nanoparticle composite resins subjected to simulated brushing with dentifrices. Test samples were prepared with Filtek Universal (3M ESPE), Filtek Bulkfill (3M ESPE) and Z350 (3M ESPE), with 24 samples per resin.

Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding self-efficacy in newborns: a birth cohort study.

Background: The impact of ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) on breastfeeding outcomes may be overestimated and surgical treatment in newborns remains a controversial topic. The aim of the present study was to assess and quantify the impact of ankyloglossia in newborns on breastfeeding self-efficacy at 14 days of life.

Methods: A birth cohort study was conducted involving mothers and newborns soon after childbirth at a public hospital in the city of Canoas, southern Brazil.

Effectiveness of a Sugar Consumption Prevention Program in the First Year of Life on the Occurrence of Early Childhood Caries: A Multicentric Randomized Trial in Brazil.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a nutritional counseling program for mothers of newborns to prevent sugar consumption in the first year of life on the occurrence of early childhood caries (ECC).

Methods: A multicentric randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT03841123) was conducted in three state capitals of Brazil (n = 516).

Presynaptic GABA receptors control integration of nicotinic input onto dopaminergic axons in the striatum.

Axons of dopaminergic neurons express gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A receptors (GABARs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) which are both independently positioned to shape striatal dopamine release. Using electrophysiology and calcium imaging, we investigated how interactions between GABARs and nAChRs influence dopaminergic axon excitability. Direct axonal recordings showed that benzodiazepine application suppresses subthreshold axonal input from cholinergic interneurons (CINs).

Ankyloglossia and Breastfeeding Duration: A Multicenter Birth Cohort Study.

The prevalence of ankyloglossia and its impact on breastfeeding practices may be overestimated, leading to surgical overtreatment in newborns. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of ankyloglossia in the first year of life and investigate the association with exclusive and total breastfeeding duration in different regions of Brazil. This multicenter prospective cohort study involved the recruitment of mother-infant pairs soon after childbirth in public hospitals in three state capitals in Brazil.

In vitro comparison of one-step, two-step, and three-step polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of different resin composites.

Objectives: This laboratory study evaluated the effect of three polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of resin composites.

Materials And Methods: Thirty specimens (6 mm Ø × 8 mm) were fabricated from each of three resin composites: Z 350 XT (nanofill), Harmonize (nanohybrid), and Estelite Omega (supranonofill). All specimens were photopolymerized using a multi-peak LED curing unit (VALO-Standard mode), having a exitance irradiance of approximately 1000 mW/cm against a polyester strip (PS).

Biodegradable Plates for Mandibular Fracture Fixation in Young Children.

Mandibular fractures are rare in children and normally result from high-impact trauma. Clinical protocols have evolved in recent years, especially after the introduction of rigid internal fixation methods and the development of novel resorbable materials. The purpose of this report is to present the case of a three-year-old toddler who fell from a bunk bed at home, resulting in a unilateral fracture of the mandibular parasymphysis and a joint fracture on the left side.

Crown Fracture of an Unerupted Incisor in a Young Child: Case Report and Restorative Protocol.

Aim: This case report describes a protocol for restoring a crown fracture of an unerupted permanent incisor in a child.

Background: Crown fractures are an important concern in pediatric dentistry due to the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents resulting from functional limitations as well as consequences related to social and emotional well-being.

Case Description: An enamel and dentin fracture of the crown of unerupted tooth 11 due to direct trauma is being presented in a 7-year-old girl.

Primary Dentition Caries Patterns as Predictors of Permanent Dentition Caries: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The aims of this study were to estimate the risk of caries in the permanent teeth at 12 years of age and to describe the diagnostic accuracy of caries patterns in the primary dentition at age 4 years to predict caries at age 12 years. A prospective cohort study followed children from birth to age 12 years in the city of São Leopoldo, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables were collected at birth, and dental caries was measured at 4 and 12 years of age (n = 204).

Clinical manifestations of tooth eruption in the first year of life and related risk factors in three regions of Brazil: multicenter birth cohort study.

Purpose: Estimate the incidence of teething symptoms and investigate risk factors at three centers in different regions of Brazil.

Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled children at birth in the cities of Manaus (northern region), Porto Alegre (southern region) and Salvador (northeast region). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected at baseline and 6 months.

Synaptic-like axo-axonal transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons onto dopaminergic fibers.

Transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) controls dopamine release through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic axons. Anatomical studies suggest that cholinergic terminals signal predominantly through non-synaptic volume transmission. However, the influence of cholinergic transmission on electrical signaling in axons remains unclear.

Pattern of caries lesions and oral health-related quality of life throughout early childhood: A birth cohort study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different patterns of dental caries on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) throughout early childhood. This birth cohort study followed 277 children from southern Brazil for 6 years. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were collected at birth.

An action potential initiation mechanism in distal axons for the control of dopamine release.

Information flow in neurons proceeds by integrating inputs in dendrites, generating action potentials near the soma, and releasing neurotransmitters from nerve terminals in the axon. We found that in the striatum, acetylcholine-releasing neurons induce action potential firing in distal dopamine axons. Spontaneous activity of cholinergic neurons produced dopamine release that extended beyond acetylcholine-signaling domains, and traveling action potentials were readily recorded from dopamine axons in response to cholinergic activation.

Maxillary Labial Frenum in Preschool Children: Variations, Anomalies and Associated Factors.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of morphological and attachment variations of the maxillary labial frenum (MLF) and associated factors in preschool children.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,313 children aged between zero and five years of age attending public nurseries in the city of Canoas in southern Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire addressing demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics and a clinical examination of the MLF.

Early-Life Patterns of Sugar Consumption and Dental Caries in the Permanent Teeth: A Birth Cohort Study.

Early-life family conditions may presage caries development in childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between patterns of sugar consumption in early childhood and permanent dentition caries at age 6 years. A cohort enrolled women accessing prenatal care at public health clinics in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Protective stabilization in pediatric dentistry: A qualitative study on the perceptions of mothers, psychologists, and pediatric dentists.

Background: Evidence regarding the feelings evoked, distress caused, and the best way to conduct protective stabilization for the management of young children is lacking.

Aim: Describe the perceptions of mothers, psychologists, and pediatric dentists regarding the use of protective stabilization during the dental care of children up to three years of age attending a University Dental Clinic in southern Brazil.

Design: After watching a video of dental care involving the protective stabilization technique, individualized qualitative interviews were held with three groups [mothers (n = 5), psychologists (n = 7), and pediatric dentists (n = 4)] to investigate four categories of interest: importance of the technique, affective attitude, distress caused to the child, and participation of parents.

Dental behaviour management problems and associated factors in Brazilian children.

Aim: To identify factors associated with negative child behaviour in the dental setting.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 324 mother-child pairs (children aged 3 to 12 years) seen at a university clinic in Canoas, southern Brazil. Mother's anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Axonal mechanisms mediating γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA-A) inhibition of striatal dopamine release.

Axons of dopaminergic neurons innervate the striatum where they contribute to movement and reinforcement learning. Past work has shown that striatal GABA tonically inhibits dopamine release, but whether GABA-A receptors directly modulate transmission or act indirectly through circuit elements is unresolved. Here, we use whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings to test for GABA-A receptors on the main dopaminergic neuron axons and branching processes within the striatum of adult mice.

Exploring the risk factors for early-life sugar consumption: A birth cohort study.

Background: Sugar consumption in early childhood is the primary cause of negative health outcomes, including early childhood caries.

Aim: To investigate risk factors associated with early-life sugar consumption.

Design: Explanatory variables were collected at baseline of a birth cohort in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil.

Breastfeeding in the First Hours of Life Protects Against Pacifier Use: A Birth Cohort Study.

To investigate risk factors for pacifier use in the first year of life. A prospective cohort study was conducted with children enrolled at birth in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, whose mothers underwent prenatal care at primary care units. Soon after the birth of the children, data were collected on anthropometrics, type of childbirth, and time until breastfeeding on the first day of life.

Incidence and prognosis of crown discoloration in traumatized primary teeth: A retrospective cohort study.

Background/aim: Knowledge of factors influencing the occurrence of crown discoloration following traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and understanding its possible consequences can help dentists to provide appropriate care. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of crown discoloration following trauma in primary teeth. This study also estimated the risk of pulp necrosis with subsequent infection of the root canal system and pulp canal obliteration in discolored teeth.

The effect of enamel fractures on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents.

Background/aim: Enamel fractures are the most common type of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in children and adolescents. Recognizing the impact of these fractures on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) could contribute to the establishment of treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the impact of enamel fractures on overall OHRQoL and domain scores in adolescents.

Spatial distribution of dental caries among preschool children in Canoas, Southern Brazil.

The aims of this study were to analyze the spatial distribution of dental caries among preschool children and create equiprobable scenarios of its occurrence in the city of Canoas, Southern Brazil. Trained, calibrated dentists examined 1,100 children enrolled at public preschools to determine dental caries experience following World Health Organization criteria. The ArcGis 10.