Long-Term Dietary Consumption of Grapes Affects Kidney Health in C57BL/6J Mice.

Starting at 4 weeks of age, male and female C57BL/6J mice were provided with a semi-synthetic diet for a period of one year and then continued on the semi-synthetic diet with or without grape supplementation for the duration of their lives. During the course of the study, no variation of body weights was noted between the groups. At 2.

Preventing Sexual Violence: A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally Informed Solution.

What solutions can we find in the research literature for preventing sexual violence, and what psychological theories have guided these efforts? We gather all primary prevention efforts to reduce sexual violence from 1985 to 2018 and provide a bird's-eye view of the literature. We first review predominant theoretical approaches to sexual-violence perpetration prevention by highlighting three interventions that exemplify the zeitgeist of primary prevention efforts at various points during this time period. We find a throughline in primary prevention interventions: They aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (i.

High Total Failures of the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) Warrant Monitoring of Professional Pharmacy Programs.

From 2021 to 2023, 7978 graduates of pharmacy programs failed the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination on the first attempt. Presently, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education monitors programs with a passage rate of ≥ 2 SDs below the national mean pass rate. In 2023, this should lead to monitoring 7 programs that produced 140 failures out of the total of 2472 failures (5.

Multi-Organ Nutrigenomic Effects of Dietary Grapes in a Mouse Model.

As a whole food, the potential health benefits of table grapes have been widely studied. Some individual constituents have garnered great attention, particularly resveratrol, but normal quantities in the diet are meniscal. On the other hand, the grape contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have antioxidant potential.

Survey of open science practices and attitudes in the social sciences.

Open science practices such as posting data or code and pre-registering analyses are increasingly prescribed and debated in the applied sciences, but the actual popularity and lifetime usage of these practices remain unknown. This study provides an assessment of attitudes toward, use of, and perceived norms regarding open science practices from a sample of authors published in top-10 (most-cited) journals and PhD students in top-20 ranked North American departments from four major social science disciplines: economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. We observe largely favorable private attitudes toward widespread lifetime usage (meaning that a researcher has used a particular practice at least once) of open science practices.

Monitoring of schools and colleges of pharmacy based on NAPLEX passage rate.

Introduction: We have evaluated two approaches of monitoring schools and colleges of pharmacy based on North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) passage rates. Historically, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) has cited programs for passage rate ≥2 SD below the national average. Since the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) no longer reports scores, this procedure is being reconsidered.

Influence of grape consumption on the human microbiome.

Over the years, a substantial body of information has accumulated suggesting dietary consumption of grapes may have a positive influence on human health. Here, we investigate the potential of grapes to modulate the human microbiome. Microbiome composition as well as urinary and plasma metabolites were sequentially assessed in 29 healthy free-living male (age 24-55 years) and female subjects (age 29-53 years) following two-weeks of a restricted diet (Day 15), two-weeks of a restricted diet with grape consumption (equivalent to three servings per day) (Day 30), and four-weeks of restricted diet without grape consumption (Day 60).

Anti-inflammatory Quinoline Alkaloids from the Roots of .

Sixteen new quinoline alkaloids (-, , , , -, , and ) and 10 known analogs (, , , , -, and -), along with three known cyclopeptide alkaloids (-), were isolated from the roots of . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed NMR and circular dichroism with computational support and mass spectrometry data interpretation. Anti-inflammatory potential of isolates was evaluated based on inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity with cell culture models.

Short-Term Grape Consumption Diminishes UV-Induced Skin Erythema.

Over three million Americans are affected by skin cancer each year, largely as a result of exposure to sunlight. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of grape consumption to modulate UV-induced skin erythema. With 29 human volunteers, we report that nine demonstrated greater resistance to UV irradiation of the skin after consuming the equivalent of three servings of grapes per day for two weeks.

Best Practice in the chemical characterisation of extracts used in pharmacological and toxicological research-The ConPhyMP-Guidelines.

Research on medicinal plants and extracts derived from them differs from studies performed with single compounds. Extracts obtained from plants, algae, fungi, lichens or animals pose some unique challenges: they are multicomponent mixtures of active, partially active and inactive substances, and the activity is often not exerted on a single target. Their composition varies depending on the method of preparation and the plant materials used.

Addition of grapes to both a standard and a high-fat Western pattern diet modifies hepatic and urinary metabolite profiles in the mouse.

The benefits of fruit and vegetable dietary consumption are largely defined in epidemiological terms. Relatively little is known about the discrete effects on metabolic pathways elicited by individual dietary fruits and vegetables. To address this, grape powder was added to both a standard and a high-fat Western pattern diet given to 10-week-old female C57BL/6J mice for a period of 91 days, whereupon 24 h urines were collected and the mice euthanized after a 12 h fast for the collection of liver tissue.

Consumption of Grapes Modulates Gene Expression, Reduces Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Extends Longevity in Female C57BL/6J Mice Provided with a High-Fat Western-Pattern Diet.

A key objective of this study was to explore the potential of dietary grape consumption to modulate adverse effects caused by a high-fat (western-pattern) diet. Female C57BL/6J mice were purchased at six-weeks-of-age and placed on a standard (semi-synthetic) diet (STD). At 11 weeks-of-age, the mice were continued on the STD or placed on the STD supplemented with 5% standardized grape powder (STD5GP), a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD supplemented with 5% standardized grape powder (HFD5GP).

Effect of Dietary Grapes on Female C57BL6/J Mice Consuming a High-Fat Diet: Behavioral and Genetic Changes.

(1) Background: Adverse effects of a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) on murine behavior, cognition, and memory are well established. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, that are known for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, are present in grapes. The objective of this work was to determine if the dietary intake of grapes has the potential of alleviating HFD-induced deficiencies.

Investigation of Chemopreventive and Antiproliferative Potential of .

Context: Carcinogenesis causes much human misery. It is a process involving multistage alterations. Medicinal plants are candidates for beneficial anticancer agents.

Living with a giant, flowering parasite: metabolic differences between Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. (Vitaceae) shoots uninfected and infected with Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) and potential applications for propagation.

Metabolites in Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma were compared which may have applications in Rafflesia propagation. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, here reported for the first time in Vitaceae, were abundant in non-infected shoots and may be a form of defense. In Rafflesia-infected shoots, oxylipins, which mediate immune response, were elevated.

NF-κB Inhibitory and Antibacterial Helvolic and Fumagillin Derivatives from .

Two new helvolic acid analogues ( and ) and one new fumagillin derivative containing an octahydroisobenzofuran moiety (), together with four known compounds (-), were isolated from an , isolated from soil collected from Mauna Kea, the highest mountain in Hawaii. Compound was recorded in SciFinder with a CAS Registry Number of 1379525-35-5, but it was not documented in the cited reference (. , , 137).

Best practice in research - Overcoming common challenges in phytopharmacological research.

Background: The pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of bioactive preparations derived from natural sources has become a flourishing field of research. However, researching complex extracts and natural products faces numerous challenges. More broadly in recent years the critique of pharmacological research, and specifically its design, the methods used and reporting has intensified.

Physalactone and 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E Isolated from Physalis peruviana Inhibit LPS-Induced Expression of COX-2 and iNOS Accompanied by Abatement of Akt and STAT1.

In previous studies, withanolides isolated from Physalis peruviana were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory potential by suppressing nitrite production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Currently, we selected two of the most potent compounds, 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (1) and physalactone (2), to examine the underlying mechanism of action. With LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Resveratrol: Twenty Years of Growth, Development and Controversy.

Resveratrol was first isolated in 1939 by Takaoka from O. Loes. Following this discovery, sporadic descriptive reports appeared in the literature.

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Tetrahydro-β-carboline Derivatives as Anticancer and Cancer-chemopreventive Agents.

Background/aim: There is an unmet clinical need to develop new anticancer and chemopreventive agents. The aim of the present study was to identify β-carboline derivatives with cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer and chemopreventive activities, through induction of quinone reductase 1 (QR1), aromatase inhibition, as well as inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production.

Induction of NAD (P)H: Quinone reductase 1 (QR1) and antioxidant activities in vitro of 'Toranja Burarama' (Citrus maxima [Burm.] Merr.).

Toranja 'Burarama', Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Citrus grandis), is a new citrus discovered in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Structure-activity relationships and docking studies of synthetic 2-arylindole derivatives determined with aromatase and quinone reductase 1.

In our ongoing effort of discovering anticancer and chemopreventive agents, a series of 2-arylindole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated toward aromatase and quinone reductase 1 (QR1). Biological evaluation revealed that several compounds (e.g.

Heliotropiumides A and B, new phenolamides with N-carbamoyl putrescine moiety from Heliotropium foertherianum collected in Hawaii and their biological activities.

Two new compounds heliotropiumides A (1) and B (2), phenolamides each with an uncommon carbamoyl putrescine moiety, were isolated from the seeds of a naturalized Hawaiian higher plant, Heliotropium foertherianum Diane & Hilger in the borage family, which is widely used for the treatment of ciguatera fish poisoning. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were characterized based on MS spectroscopic and NMR analysis, and DP4+ calculations. The absolute configuration (AC) of compound 1 was determined by comparison of its optical rotation with those reported in literature.

NF-κB inhibitors, unique γ-pyranol-γ-lactams with sulfide and sulfoxide moieties from Hawaiian plant Lycopodiella cernua derived fungus Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta FT462.

LC-UV/MS-based metabolomic analysis of the Hawaiian endophytic fungus Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta FT462 led to the identification of four unique mercaptolactated γ-pyranol-γ-lactams, paraphaeosphaerides E-H (1-4) together with one γ-lactone (5) and the methyl ester of compound 2 (11). The structures of the new compounds (1-5 and 11) were elucidated through the analysis of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration was determined by chemical reactions with sodium borohydride, hydrogen peroxide, α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chlorides (Mosher reagents), and DP4 + NMR calculations.

The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy Scripts: Poha Berry () with Potential Anti-inflammatory and Cancer Prevention Activities.

The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, during a historic event in Spring 2016, graduated the first two students in the Pacific region to earn a PhD in pharmaceutical sciences at the University of Hawai'i at Hilo. The college offers PhD programs in these five disciplines: Cancer Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmacology.