Phenytoin and gingival mucosa: A molecular investigation.

Several distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers, caused gingival overgrowth. One of the main drugs associated with the gingival overgrowth is the anti-epileptic such as phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism. In our study, we evaluate the effect of phenytoin, a drug whose active substance is phenytoin, on gingival fibroblasts of healthy volunteers.

Possible effect of SNAIL family transcriptional repressor 1 polymorphisms in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Objective: Orofacial development is a complex process subjected to failure impairing. Indeed, the cleft of the lip and/or of the palate is among the most frequent inborn malformations. The JARID2 gene has been suggested to be involved in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) etiology.

Role of the MIR146A polymorphism in the origin and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Gene expression and cell behavior are regulated by several factors, including small non-coding RNAs. MicroRNAs affecting cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis are thought to play an important role in tumorigenesis. The levels of miR-146 appear to be associated with cancer development and progression, including that of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Evaluation of gene expression in MG63 human osteoblastlike cells exposed to tantalum powder by microarray technology.

Conventional orthopedic implants are composed from titanium. To improve some characteristics (ie, volumetric porosity, modulus of elasticity, frictional modulus), a new porous tantalum biomaterial has been developed and its biocompatibility reported. By using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes, several genes whose expression were significantly up- or down-regulated were identified in an osteoblastlike cell line (MG63) cultured with tantalum powder (TP).

New evidence for the role of cystathionine beta-synthase in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Orofacial clefts have a multifactorial aetiology encompassing both genetic and environmental components. While there is wide agreement on the importance of both genetic and nutritional factors, genetic influence in particular has not been well defined. As genetic variants in folate and homocysteine metabolism have been reported to influence the risk of orofacial clefts, an Italian cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) data set was enrolled for an analysis based on family association to test betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT and BHMT2) and cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) variants.

No evidence of HAND2 involvement in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Craniofacial morphogenesis is determined by multistep processes involving signalling molecules and transcription factors, which are organised into highly coordinated pathways. Derailment from this intricate network can lead to congenital malformations. Cells migrate from neural crests to populate different structures, such as branchial arches, involved in embryonal orofacial development.

Diazepam effects on non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate: epidemiological studies, clinical findings, genes and extracellular matrix.

Importance Of The Field: This review analyses international studies investigating the combined genetic and environmental causes of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and describes successes and limitations in identifying underlying genetic and environmental factors. CL/P, the most common congenital facial malformation, is a major public health burden in terms of medical costs and emotional stress to patients and families. Because genetic and environmental factors determine risk of occurrence, CL/P has a complex, multifactor aetiology.

New insights in collagen turnover in orofacial cleft patients.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the fibroblast phenotype of patients by analyzing gene and protein expression of cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblasts in relation to collagen turnover and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Patients: Human palatal fibroblasts were obtained from three healthy subjects without cleft lip and/or cleft palate and from three subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Collagen turnover-related gene and protein expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western and dot blots, and sodium dodecyl sulfate zymography.

Expression and association data strongly support JARID2 involvement in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) affects approximately 1 in 1,000 births. Genetic studies have provided evidence for the role of several genes and candidate loci in clefting; however, conflicting results have frequently been obtained and much have to be done to unravel the complex genetics of CL/P. In the present investigation we have focused on the candidate region in 6p23, a region that have been found linked to CL/P in several investigations, in the attempt to find out the susceptibility gene provisionally named OFC1.

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human osteoblastlike cells (MG-63): a pilot study.

Background: Although pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are used to treat delayed unions and nonunions, their mechanisms of action are not completely clear. However, PEMFs are known to affect the expression of certain genes.

Questions/purposes: We asked (1) whether PEMFs affect gene expression in human osteoblastlike cells (MG63) in vitro, and (2) whether and to what extent stimulation by PEMFs induce cell proliferation and differentiation in MG-63 cultures.

Anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) regulates miRNA of osteoblast-like cells.

Bio-Oss (Geistlich) is composed of an organic bovine bone and has been widely used in several bone regeneration procedures during oral surgery. However, how this biomaterial enhances osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, functional, noncoding RNAs of 19 to 23 nucleotides that regulate the transcription of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in proteins.

PerioGlas® Acts on Human Stem Cells Isolated from Peripheral Blood.

Background: PerioGlas® (PG) is an alloplastic material used for grafting periodontal osseous defects since 1995. In animal models, it has been proven that PG achieves histologically good repair of sur-gically created defects. In clinical trials, PG was effective as an adjunct to conventional surgery in the treatment of intrabony defects.

Human cleft lip and palate fibroblasts and normal nicotine-treated fibroblasts show altered in vitro expressions of genes related to molecular signaling pathways and extracellular matrix metabolism.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is a frequent craniofacial malformation caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor, due to the teratogenic role of nicotine. To assess and compare the impact of CLP and nicotine, we studied the quantitative expression of genes involved in signaling pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in human normal nicotine-treated (NicN) and CLP fibroblasts compared to normal control (CTRL) cells.

A comparison between genetic portraits of normal osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cell lines.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor occurring in young patients in the first two decades of life. Metastases are the cause of 90% of cancer deaths for patients with OS. OS of the jaw is rare and aggressive malignancy constitutes approximately 5-13% of all cases of skeletal OS.

Diphenylhydantoin plays a role in gene expression related to cytoskeleton and protein adhesion in human normal palate fibroblasts.

Aims: Morphogenetic processes during palate development are related to extracellular matrix composition. The cell-extracellular matrix relation plays a role in cell activity and in gene expression. We studied the effect of diphenylhydantoin, a teratogen known to induce cleft palate in human newborns, on extracellular matrix production.

Gene expression, cytoskeletal changes and extracellular matrix synthesis in human osteoblasts treated with cyclosporin A.

Cyclosporin A (CyA) is an immunosuppressive agent used to prevent allograft rejection, but unfortunately it causes adverse effects such as bone diseases, osteoporosis and osteomalacia. These pathologies involve an imbalance between synthesis, degradation and mineralization of extracellular matrix. CyA can modify extracellular matrix components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen fibers.

Patterns of some extracellular matrix gene expression are similar in cells from cleft lip-palate patients and in human palatal fibroblasts exposed to diazepam in culture.

Prenatal exposure to diazepam, a prototype sedative drug that belongs to Benzodiazepines, can lead to orofacial clefting in human newborns. By using real-time PCR, in the present study we investigated whether diazepam elicits gene expression alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) components, growth factors and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRB3), implicated in the coordinate regulation of palate development. Palate fibroblasts were treated with diazepam (Dz-N fibroblasts) and compared to cleft lip-palate (CLP) fibroblasts obtained from patients with no known exposure to diazepam or other teratogens.

Genes causing clefting syndromes as candidates for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: a family-based association study.

Clefts of the orofacial region are among the most common congenital defects, caused by abnormal facial development during gestation. Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a complex trait most probably caused by multiple interacting loci, with possible additional environmental factors. As facial clefts form part of more than 300 syndromes, one strategy for identifying the genetic causes of NSCLP could be to study candidate genes responsible for clefting syndromes.

Anorganic bovine bone and a silicate-based synthetic bone activate different microRNAs.

Bio-Oss (BO), composed of anorganic bovine bone, is widely used in several bone regeneration procedures in oral surgery. PerioGlas (PG) is an alloplastic material that has been used for grafting of periodontal osseous defects since the 1990s. However, how these biomaterials alter osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood.

Titanium acts on osteoblast translational process.

Titanium is a highly biocompatible material and very osteogenic in vivo. However, how titanium regulates osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is incompletely characterized. We, therefore, attempted to get more information by using microRNA (miRNA) microarray techniques to investigate translation regulation in osteoblasts grown on titanium disks.

Displayed correlation between gene expression profiles and submicroscopic alterations in response to cetuximab, gefitinib and EGF in human colon cancer cell lines.

Background: EGFR is frequently overexpressed in colon cancer. We characterized HT-29 and Caco-2, human colon cancer cell lines, untreated and treated with cetuximab or gefitinib alone and in combination with EGF.

Methods: Cell growth was determined using a variation on the MTT assay.

PerioGlas regulates osteoblast RNA interfering.

Purpose: PerioGlas (PG) is an alloplastic material that has been used for grafting periodontal osseous defects since the 1990s. In animal models, it has been proven that PG achieves histologically good repairs of surgically created defects. In clinical trials, PG is effective as an adjunct to conventional surgery in the treatment of intrabony defects; however, how PG alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood.

Comparison between genetic portraits of osteoblasts derived from primary cultures and osteoblasts obtained from human pulpar stem cells.

Harvesting bone for autologous grafting is a daily problem encountered by craniofacial and oral surgeons. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp are able to differentiate in osteoblasts and are a potential source of autologous bone produced in vitro. However, as stem cells are characterized by self-renewing and commitment in several cellular subtypes (ie, pluripotential differentiation), some concerns may arise as regards their potential uncontrolled proliferation.

Investigation of MYH14 as a candidate gene in cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Clefts of the orofacial region are among the most common facial defects and are caused by abnormal facial development during gestation. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a birth defect with a complex etiology resulting from a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. In the present study we considered myosin 14 (MYH14) as a candidate gene for CL/P.

Medpor regulates osteoblast's microRNAs.

Porous polyethylene (PP or Medpor) is an alloplastic material worldwide used for craniofacial reconstruction. Although several clinical studies are available, there is a lack as regard the genetic effects. Because PP is always fixed on bone and the mechanism by which PP acts on osteoblasts is unknown, we therefore attempted to address this question by using microRNA microarray techniques to investigate the translation regulation in osteoblasts exposed to PP.