Treatment outcomes for patients with chloroma receiving radiation therapy.

Introduction: This study aims to analyse treatment outcomes, disease control and toxicity in patients with chloromas referred for radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 41 patients with chloromas treated with RT at our institution.

Results: Twenty-five patients were treated with palliative intent, whereas sixteen received RT as a component of curative intent therapy in addition to systemic chemotherapy with or without haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).

Clinical outcomes of patients treated with a second course of stereotactic radiosurgery for locally or regionally recurrent brain metastases after prior stereotactic radiosurgery.

Patients with metastatic disease are living longer and may be confronted with locally or regionally recurrent brain metastases (BM) after prior stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). This study analyzes outcomes in patients without prior whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) who were treated with a second course of SRS/FSRT for locally or regionally recurrent BM. We identified 32 patients at our institution who were treated with a second course of SRS/FSRT after initial SRS/FSRT for newly diagnosed BM.

Radiation therapy for breast cancer patients who undergo oncoplastic surgery: localization of the tumor bed for the local boost.

Introduction: Oncoplastic reconstructive surgery is performed in select patients with breast cancer to allow conservation treatment when the lumpectomy would be expected to have a poor cosmetic outcome. These techniques not only rearrange the breast tissue but may also shift the position of the tumor bed. The oncoplastic incision may have no relationship to the tumor bed.

Long-term survival after high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral stem cell rescue for high-risk, locally advanced/inflammatory, and metastatic breast cancer.

Patients with high-risk locally advanced/inflammatory and oligometastatic (≤3 sites) breast cancer frequently relapse or experience early progression. High-dose chemotherapy combined with peripheral stem cell rescue may prolong progression-free survival/relapse-free survival (PFS/RFS) and overall survival (OS). In this study, patients initiated high-dose chemotherapy with STAMP-V (carboplatin, thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide), ACT (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide), or tandem melphalan and STAMP-V.

Setup variations in radiotherapy of anal cancer: advantages of target volume reduction using image-guided radiation treatment.

Purpose: To define setup variations in the radiation treatment (RT) of anal cancer and to report the advantages of image-guided RT (IGRT) in terms of reduction of target volume and treatment-related side effects.

Methods And Materials: Twelve consecutive patients with anal cancer treated by combined chemoradiation by use of helical tomotherapy from March 2007 to November 2008 were selected. With patients immobilized and positioned in place, megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) scans were performed before each treatment and were automatically registered to planning CT scans.

Partial breast irradiation in a patient with bilateral breast cancers and CREST syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the first documented use of partial breast irradiation (PBI) in a patient with calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias (CREST) syndrome.

Methods And Materials: A 50-year-old woman with well-controlled CREST syndrome for 6 years was diagnosed with bilateral early-staged breast cancers. She underwent bilateral lumpectomies, sentinel lymph node biopsies, and PBI delivered via bilateral MammoSite catheters (Cytyc Corp.

Full-dose adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcomas.

Objectives: To categorize sites of recurrence of retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) and correlate to clinical treatment volumes of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) with or without intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with RPS who received PORT between 1990 and 2008 was done. Tumor recurrences were subdivided as local tumor bed, regional adjacent retroperitoneal fascial tissues, peritoneal diffuse seeding, and distant metastases.

Resection followed by stereotactic radiosurgery to resection cavity for intracranial metastases.

Purpose: In patients who undergo resection of central nervous system metastases, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is added to reduce the rates of recurrence and neurologic death. However, the risk of late neurotoxicity has led many patients to decline WBRT. We offered adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) as an alternative to select patients with resected brain metastases.

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: local control rates with surgery alone.

Purpose: Patients with malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast (MPTB) are routinely treated with surgery alone. We performed a retrospective study to determine local control rates based on tumor size and type of surgery performed.

Methods And Materials: We reviewed records of 478 patients with MPTB treated between March 1964, and August 2005.

Improved survival with adjuvant external-beam radiation therapy in lymph node-negative pancreatic cancer: a United States population-based assessment.

Background: Although chemoradiation often is administered as an adjuvant to pancreatic cancer surgery, recent reports have disputed the benefit of radiation therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with locally confined, lymph node-negative (N0) pancreatic cancer.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry was used to identify patients who had undergone cancer-directed surgery for N0 pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 1988 and 2003.

Helical tomotherapy for radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: a preferred plan with better conformal target coverage and more homogeneous dose distribution.

We compare different radiotherapy techniques-helical tomotherapy (tomotherapy), step-and-shoot IMRT (IMRT), and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT)-for patients with mid-distal esophageal carcinoma on the basis of dosimetric analysis. Six patients with locally advanced mid-distal esophageal carcinoma were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery. Radiotherapy included 50 Gy to gross planning target volume (PTV) and 45 Gy to elective PTV in 25 fractions.

Setup variations in radiotherapy of esophageal cancer: evaluation by daily megavoltage computed tomographic localization.

Purpose: To use pretreatment megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) scans to evaluate setup variations in anterior-posterior (AP), lateral, and superior-inferior (SI) directions and rotational variations, including pitch, roll, and yaw, for esophageal cancer patients treated with helical tomotherapy.

Methods And Materials: Ten patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated by combined chemoradiation using helical tomotherapy were selected. After patients were positioned using their skin tattoos/marks, MVCT scans were performed before every treatment and automatically registered to planning kilovoltage CT scans according to bony landmarks.

Dosimetric comparison of helical tomotherapy treatment and step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy of retroperitoneal sarcoma.

Purpose: To compare step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SAS-IMRT) and helical tomotherapy (Tomo) dosimetry plans for patients who have received adjuvant radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcomas (RSTS).

Methods And Materials: A retrospective review was performed for seven patients who received either SAS-IMRT or Tomo as adjuvant radiation therapy for RSTS. In each case, a treatment plan of the other modality was generated so that SAS-IMRT and Tomo could be compared.

Pitch, roll, and yaw variations in patient positioning.

Purpose: To use pretreatment megavoltage-computed tomography (MVCT) scans to evaluate positioning variations in pitch, roll, and yaw for patients treated with helical tomotherapy.

Methods And Materials: Twenty prostate and 15 head-and-neck cancer patients were selected. Pretreatment MVCT scans were performed before every treatment fraction and automatically registered to planning kilovoltage CT (KVCT) scans by bony landmarks.

Dosimetric comparisons of helical tomotherapy treatment plans and step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiosurgery treatment plans in intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery.

Purpose: To evaluate dose conformity, dose homogeneity, and dose gradient in helical tomotherapy treatment plans for stereotactic radiosurgery, and compare results with step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiosurgery (IMRS) treatment plans.

Methods And Materials: Sixteen patients were selected with a mean tumor size of 14.65 +/- 11.

Organ sparing by conformal avoidance intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal cancer: dosimetric evaluation of coverage of pelvis and inguinal/femoral nodes.

Purpose: To describe a novel and straightforward conformal avoidance intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique for coverage of pelvis and inguinal/femoral nodes and to compare the dosimetry of the new method with that of other traditional methods of radiation treatment.

Methods And Materials: Data of 2 patients with anal cancer were used as example cases to illustrate details and advantages of conformal avoidance IMRT technique. Conventional photons with enface electrons design was created first, thereby providing "outermost boundaries" defined as planning target volume (PTV) for subsequent conformal avoidance IMRT design.

A study of radiotherapy modalities combined with continuous 5-FU infusion for locally advanced gastrointestinal malignancies.

Aim: We describe the feasibility of combining infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT).

Methods: Patients with surgically resectable locally advanced gastrointestinal cancers were treated concurrently during surgery with IORT and a 72 h infusion of 5-FU. Patients without previous external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) were subsequently treated with EBRT (40-50Gy) concurrent with a 21-day continuous infusion of 5-FU.

Impact of intraoperative radiation on postoperative and disease-specific outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma: a propensity score analysis.

For periampullary cancer,intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) administered to the site with the highest locoregional recurrence risk carries the rationale to improve tumor control. An IORT effect on survival remains unclear. IORT impact on postoperative outcomes after pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma was analyzed, with a specific attempt to correct for the nonrandom IORT treatment assignment, and to account for treatment group imbalances in the interpretation of outcome differences.

Intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with recurrent rectal and sigmoid colon cancer in previously irradiated fields.

A retrospective study evaluated 15 patients with pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer in a previously irradiated region who received intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as part of salvage therapy. Total prior external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) doses ranged from 45 to 79.2 Gy.

Resection with external beam and intraoperative radiotherapy for recurrent colon cancer.

Objective: To review treatment outcomes for patients with locoregional recurrent colon cancer who underwent resection, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Design: Retrospective study of patients treated between January 1990 and June 1994.

Setting: Tertiary care cancer center.

High-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's disease patients with relapses potentially treatable by radical radiation therapy.

Purpose: A retrospective review evaluated the results of autologous bone marrow transplantation (A-BMT) for patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD) who were potentially treatable by radical radiation therapy (RRT).

Methods And Materials: Evaluated patient cases met the following criteria: initial treatment with chemotherapy (with or without involved field radiation therapy < 25 Gy); no history of bone marrow or extensive lung involvement; no current or previous evidence of systemic metastases except liver; radiation therapy used with salvage chemotherapy for prior relapse would not preclude use of RRT (e.g.

Pathophysiology of irradiated skin and breast.

The evolution, time course, and dose response of gross and histologic changes associated with the acute and late changes of the skin are noted and a composite pathophysiologic operational model given. This model focuses the selection of the observations to be "scored" to assess the tolerance and cosmetic response of the skin and breast to different dose and combined therapy studies. Skin scoring, Late effects skin, Late effects breast, Skin irradiation response, Breast radiation response, Pathophysiology of irradiated skin, Dose tolerance of skin, Dose tolerance of breast, Skin functional unit, Microvessel response to irradiation.

Abutment of adjacent intraoperative radiotherapy electron fields to treat large tumor volumes.

Abutment of unmodified Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) electron fields to irradiate large volumes can lead to dose inhomogeneities at the junction site of the matched fields. Although precise field matching is difficult to achieve in the IORT setting, we have fabricated special cones and dosimetrically evaluated their use. Based on these results, we have established guidelines for the routine use of multiple IORT fields that require field matching.