Dose-related effects of intraduodenal quinine on plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones and gastric emptying of a nutrient drink, and energy intake, in men with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, crossover study.

Aims/hypothesis: Quinine, when administered intraduodenally to activate bitter-taste receptors, in a dose of 600 mg, stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin, slows gastric emptying and lowers postprandial glucose in healthy people, with consequent implications for the management of type 2 diabetes; the effect of quinine on energy intake is uncertain. We have investigated the dose-related effects of quinine on postprandial blood glucose levels and energy intake in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Male participants with type 2 diabetes (age: 68±5 years; HbA: 49.

Effects of Quinine on the Glycaemic Response to, and Gastric Emptying of, a Mixed-Nutrient Drink in Females and Males.

Intraduodenal quinine, in the dose of 600 mg, stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin and insulin; slows gastric emptying (GE); and lowers post-meal glucose in men. Oral sensitivity to bitter substances may be greater in women than men. We, accordingly, evaluated the dose-related effects of quinine on GE, and the glycaemic responses to, a mixed-nutrient drink in females, and compared the effects of the higher dose with those in males.

Relationship between Salivary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Activity, Anthropometric Indices, Dietary Habits, and Early Childhood Dental Caries.

Objectives: Although early childhood dental caries (ECC) have the same general etiology as other types of caries, predisposing factors are not well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and oral hygiene on ECC.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 ECC-affected and 41 caries-free children, aged 36 to 72 months.

Quinine Effects on Gut and Pancreatic Hormones and Antropyloroduodenal Pressures in Humans-Role of Delivery Site and Sex.

Context: The bitter substance quinine modulates the release of a number of gut and gluco-regulatory hormones and upper gut motility. As the density of bitter receptors may be higher in the duodenum than the stomach, direct delivery to the duodenum may be more potent in stimulating these functions. The gastrointestinal responses to bitter compounds may also be modified by sex.

Effects of Bitter Substances on GI Function, Energy Intake and Glycaemia-Do Preclinical Findings Translate to Outcomes in Humans?

Bitter substances are contained in many plants, are often toxic and can be present in spoiled food. Thus, the capacity to detect bitter taste has classically been viewed to have evolved primarily to signal the presence of toxins and thereby avoid their consumption. The recognition, based on preclinical studies (i.

Comparative Effects of Intragastric and Intraduodenal Administration of Quinine on the Plasma Glucose Response to a Mixed-Nutrient Drink in Healthy Men: Relations with Glucoregulatory Hormones and Gastric Emptying.

Background: In preclinical studies, bitter compounds, including quinine, stimulate secretion of glucoregulatory hormones [e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)] and slow gastric emptying, both key determinants of postprandial glycemia.

Sesame oil and vitamin E co-administration may improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a clustering of metabolic abnormalities that are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of sesame oil enriched with vitamin E (vit E), sesame oil alone and sunflower oil on lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), and blood pressure (BP) in patients with MetS.

Subjects: Overall, 75 individuals with MetS (aged 30-70 years) participated in this randomized, single-blind controlled trial.

Effect of magnesium supplements on serum C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Material And Methods: Data sources: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar databases were searched (up until December 2016).

Impact of vitamin D supplementation on C-reactive protein; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs).

Methods: PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched (up until April 2016) to identify RCTs evaluating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on CRP. We used random effects models (using DerSimonian-Laird method) as well as the generic inverse variance methods for quantitative data synthesis.

Telomere attrition, kidney function, and prevalent chronic kidney disease in the United States.

Background: Telomere length is an emerging novel biomarker of biologic age, cardiovascular risk and chronic medical conditions. Few studies have focused on the association between telomere length (TL) and kidney function.

Objective: We investigated the association between TL and kidney function/prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in US adults.

Effect of bariatric surgery on adiposity and metabolic profiles: A prospective cohort study in Middle-Eastern patients.

Aim: To investigate changes in adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk profile following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity with severe obesity.

Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 92 patients who met the indications of bariatric surgery. Post-procedure markers of obesity and cardiometabolic profile were monitored regularly for a year.

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on serum C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the effect of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) supplementation on serum C-reactive protein (CRP).

Method: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar databases were searched (up until May 2016) to identify prospective studies evaluating the impact of CLAs supplementation on serum CRP. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used for quantitative data synthesis.

Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransport-2 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 43 Randomized Control Trials With 22 528 Patients.

Background: The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents. We undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the effect of SGLT2 on blood pressure (BP) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods And Results: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify trial registries evaluating the impact of SGLT2 on BP.

Treatment with GLP1 receptor agonists reduce serum CRP concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RAs) therapy on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.

Method: PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched for the period up until March 16, 2016. Prospective studies evaluating the impact of GLP-1 RAs on serum CRP were identified.

The impact of vitamin D supplement intake on vascular endothelial function; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function. We searched PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar (until June 2016) to detect prospective studies evaluating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function indexes. We used random effects models (using DerSimonian-Laird method) and generic inverse variance methods to synthesize quantitative data.

Impact of Probiotic Administration on Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentrations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the effect of probiotic administration on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. We searched PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases (until May 2016) to identify prospective studies evaluating the impact of probiotic administration on CRP. We used a random effects models and generic inverse variance methods to synthesize quantitative data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis.

VEGF, the underlying factor for metabolic syndrome; fact or fiction?

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is currently diagnosed by the co-presence of at least three of the five following abnormalities: abdominal obesity, dysglycaemia, elevated serum triglycerides, low high-density cholesterol (HDL) and finally elevated blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review is on the associations between MetS and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

The effects of bile acid sequestrants on lipid profile and blood glucose concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical studies to determine the effect of bile acid sequestrants (BAS) on lipid profile and blood glucose concentrations.

Method: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Database and Google Scholar databases were searched (up until August 2016) to identify prospective studies evaluating the impact of BASs on the cardio-metabolic profile. Random effects model meta-analysis was used for quantitative data synthesis.

Effect of statins on serum vitamin D concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of statin therapy on serum vitamin D concentrations.

Materials And Methods: We searched multiple databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to May 2016, for studies on the effects of statin treatment on serum vitamin D concentration. Quantitative data synthesis used random-effects models meta-analysis, with sensitivity analysis conducted using the leave-one-out method.

Impact of different types of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on serum C-reactive protein (CRP): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Background: The effects of different types of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on serum C - reactive protein (CRP) are not well established. we aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the effect of nut consumption (tree nuts, peanuts, and soy nuts) on serum CRP.

Method: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar databases were searched (up until April 20 2016) to identify prospective studies evaluating the impact of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on serum CRP.

The effect of ginger supplementation on serum C-reactive protein, lipid profile and glycaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the effect of ginger supplementation on serum C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, and glycaemia.

Method: PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar databases were searched (up until July 2016) to identify prospective studies evaluating the impact of ginger supplementation on serum CRP. Random-effects model meta-analysis was used for quantitative data synthesis.

Levels of physical activity are correlated with intima media ratio in subjects without but not with metabolic syndrome: A study of Iranians without a history of cardiovascular events.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) and physical activity levels (PAL), in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in indidiviuals with and without carotid artery plaque (CAP) defined using high-resolution ultrasound.

Method: A sample of 506 subjects [215 (42.5%) males], aged 35-64 years was recruited from an urban population in Mashhad, Iran, using a stratified-cluster method as part of the Mashhad Stroke Heart Atherosclerosis Disorder (MASHAD) study cohort.

Metabolic improvement of morbid obese patients following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: A prospective study in Mashhad, Iran.

Background And Aim: Obesity is one of the greatest public health concerns worldwide. Weight loss surgeries have been increased in recent decades due to the world's epidemic of obesity. The aim of this prospective study is investigating metabolic factors of morbid obese patients following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome.

The gut microbiome contributes approximately 2kg of the whole body weight, and recent studies suggest that gut microbiota has a profound effect on human metabolism, potentially contributing to several features of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of metabolic disorders that include central adiposity with visceral fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia and non-optimal blood pressure levels. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.