Grafta: a 3D environment for biomolecular networks.

The importance of a comprehensive environment for the depiction of biomolecular networks in the domain of system biology has been emphasised after the completion of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic initatives. Grafta is a software application developed for the three dimensional illustration of biomolecular interactions such as protein interaction networks. Grafta allows its user to move in a 3D environment through a complex assembly of biomolecules represented by 3D objects such as spheres.

Hardware flexibility of laboratory automation systems: analysis and new flexible automation architectures.

Development of flexible laboratory automation systems has attracted tremendous attention in recent years as biotechnology scientists perform diverse types of protocols and tend to continuously modify them as part of their research. This article is a system level study of hardware flexibility of laboratory automation architectures for high-throughput automation of various sample preparation protocols. Hardware flexibility (system components' adaptability to protocol variations) of automation systems is addressed through the introduction of three main parametric flexibility measures functional, structural, and throughput.

A systems perspective to digital structures in molecular analysis.

Within the last decade, the advance of miniaturization has opened the window to new systems that permit digital and molecular science to intersect, suggesting a new role for organic chemistry. Currently, fusion of molecules and electronic digits, as well as molecular-based digital structures, have expanded the conventional interpretation of the digit. This emergence has already generated new technological platforms with unique applications for molecular analysis and computation.