Novel Utility of Amplatzer Septal Occlusion Device to Treat Persistent Aortocaval Fistula following Ruptured Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (rEVAR).

Aortocaval fistulas following endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) are rare. We herein describe repair using an Amplatzer Septal Occluder in a 68-year-old male who presented to the emergency department 6 months after ruptured endovascular aneurysm repair (rEVAR) with right heart failure. With the assistance of diagnostic angiography and intravascular ultrasound, the patient was found to have a 1.

An unusual case of an irretrievable hemodialysis catheter in a patient with end stage renal disease.

Hemodialysis catheters are associated with higher risks of complications compared to arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Some common complications of dialysis catheters include infection, thrombus formation, central venous stenosis, and mechanical dysfunction. Rarely, catheters can become firmly adhered to a vessel wall.

Balloon occlusion retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices in two non-cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis.

This report describes two non-cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis who underwent successful balloon occlusion retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) of gastric varices with a satisfactory response and no complications. One patient was a 35-year-old female with a history of Crohn's disease, status post-total abdominal colectomy, and portal vein and mesenteric vein thrombosis. The other patient was a 51-year-old female with necrotizing pancreatitis, portal vein thrombosis, and gastric varices.

Anomalies, anatomic variants, and sources of diagnostic pitfalls in pancreatic imaging.

In this review, a brief discussion of the important events of pancreatic embryology is followed by presentation of congenital anomalies and normal variants. For each variant, the appearance at different radiologic modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, MR cholangiopancreatography, and fluoroscopy will be demonstrated.

Radiation necrosis in the brain: imaging features and differentiation from tumor recurrence.

Radiation necrosis in the brain commonly occurs in three distinct clinical scenarios, namely, radiation therapy for head and neck malignancy or intracranial extraaxial tumor, stereotactic radiation therapy (including radiosurgery) for brain metastasis, and radiation therapy for primary brain tumors. Knowledge of the radiation treatment plan, amount of brain tissue included in the radiation port, type of radiation, location of the primary malignancy, and amount of time elapsed since radiation therapy is extremely important in determining whether the imaging abnormality represents radiation necrosis or recurrent tumor. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of these two entities overlap considerably, and even at histopathologic analysis, tumor mixed with radiation necrosis is a common finding.

Carbon dioxide as an intravascular imaging agent: review.

Patients with renal impairment and/or contrast allergies pose a challenge with regard to diagnostic evaluations. CO(2) may serve as a suitable alternative intravascular contrast agent in these patients with arteriographic applications, including evaluation of peripheral vascular disease, and venographic applications, such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure, to name a few. Unique properties of CO(2), such as low viscosity, lack of an allergic reaction, and renal toxicity, have afforded it its diagnostic capabilities.

Transnasal endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma without preoperative embolization.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign, highly vascular, and locally invasive tumor. Because the location of these tumors makes conventional surgery difficult, interest in endoscopic resection is increasing, particularly for the treatment of lesions that do not extend laterally into the infratemporal fossa. We report the results of our series of 23 patients with JNA (stage IIB or lower) who underwent transnasal endoscopic resection under hypotensive general anesthesia without preoperative embolization of the tumor All tumors were successfully excised.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: pathways of spread.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an invasive, opportunistic fungal infection usually seen in immunocompromised patients, and particularly in the setting of diabetes or immune deficiency. It is assumed that the port of entry is colonization of the nasal mucosa, allowing the fungus to spread via the paranasal sinuses into the orbit. Involvement of the brain and cavernous sinus occurs by way of the orbital apex; therefore, spheno-ethmoidectomy with or without maxillectomy seems to be the definitive method to eradicate this infection.

Angiofibroma: an outcome review of conventional surgical approaches.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumor of the nasopharynx, and for its treatment, many surgical approaches have been recommended. However, selecting the appropriate one for the tumor in an advanced stage is still controversial. In this study, we evaluate the rate of recurrence of JNA and its relationship to the preoperative stage as well as various surgical approaches.