Evaluation of Metabolite Changes in the Occipital Cortex of Patients with Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus or Bilateral Ametropic Amblyopia by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IN) and bilateral ametropic amblyopia on metabolites in the occipital cortex by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Methods: The children included in this prospective study were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 11 patients with idiopathic IN, group 2 consisted of 10 patients with bilateral ametropic amblyopia and group 3 consisted of nine normal children.

The results of 25-gauge vitreoretinal surgery for optic disc pit-associated maculopathy: a report of three cases and mini-review of the literature.

Purpose: We report the outcomes of three consecutive patients with optic disc pit-associated maculopathy who were treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, fluid-air exchange, barrage endolaser, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas tamponade.

Case Report: Patients with optic disc pit-associated maculopathy were treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy followed by ILM peeling, fluid-air exchange, barrage endolaser, and gas tamponade with 20 % SF6. All patients were asked to maintain a facedown position for 3 days postoperatively.

The Origin of Subretinal Fluid in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy.

A surgical approach for the drainage of fluid leaking over the pit in optic disc pit maculopathy is described, and a theory of the origin of fluid is discussed. In two cases, complete fluid-air exchange was performed. The air infusion pressure was decreased to 5 mm Hg, and the collected fluid was drained by raising the infusion pressure to 25 mm Hg.

Association of Disease Activity with Serum and Tear IL-2 Levels in Behçet Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the association of Behçet disease activity with serum and tear interleukin-2 levels.

Methods: The study was designed as a prospective case control study. The study population consisted of 45 patients with Behçet disease and 24 age and sex-matched healthy participants.

Comparison of Visual Field Parameters in Early and Advanced Stages of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Without a History of Optic Neuritis.

This study compared the visual field parameters of multiple sclerosis patients without optic neuritis in early versus advanced stage of the disease. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (early stage,  = 14) constituted of patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores <3 and group 2 (advanced stage,  = 13) constituted of patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ≥3. Mean visual acuities in both groups were similar ( = 0.

Comparison of time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in measurement of macular thickness in macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose. To evaluate macular thickness, agreement, and intraclass repeatability in three optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices: the time domain (TD) Stratus OCT and two spectral domain (SD) OCTs, Spectralis and Cirrus SD-OCT, in eyes with macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (VO). Methods.

The effect of anisometropic amblyopia on retrobulbar blood flow parameters. Anisometropic amblyopia and retrobulbar blood flow.

To look for a correlation between or the effect of anisometropia amblyopia on retrobulbar blood flow parameters. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and temporal posterior ciliary artery (tPCA) were measured with color Doppler imaging, and systolic/diastolic ratio, resistivity index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were computed in 42 patients with anisometropic amblyopia. The mean PSV of OA, CRA, and tPCA in amblyopic and fellow eyes were 62.

Sequential presentation of bilateral Brown syndrome.

Brown syndrome, characterized by a limitation of elevation in adduction and positive forced duction testing, is usually unilateral but occurs bilaterally in 10% of all cases. It may present as a congenital condition in one eye and develop in the other eye with no apparent cause. We present a case of bilateral Brown syndrome in which the right eye became involved within 1 year of surgery on the left eye for congenital Brown syndrome.

Characterization of macular lesions in punctate inner choroidopathy with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is an ocular inflammatory disease. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) allows detailed visualization of retinal and choroidal structures. We aimed to describe the retinal changes on SD-OCT associated with PIC lesions localized in the macula.

Mycophenolate mofetil and fundus autofluorescence in the management of recurrent punctate inner choroidopathy.

Purpose: To compare the frequencies of attacks before and after immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in recurrent punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and to report fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings.

Methods: Eight patients who had at least two recurrent episodes of increased activity before MMF and 12 months of documented clinical course before and after MMF were included. The frequencies of attacks before and after MMF were compared.

Importance of proper diagnosis for management: multifocal choroiditis mimicking ocular histoplasmosis syndrome.

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate a series of patients with initial diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) with progression and response to treatments consistent with multifocal choroiditis (MFC).

Methods: Retrospective review of nine patients referred for management of recurrent OHS lesions. Serology panel was conducted to rule out autoimmune and infectious causes.

Nodular sclerochoroidopathy simulating choroidal malignancy.

A 55-year-old man who had multiple subretinal and choroidal yellowish lesions and episcleral nodules for 1.5 years was diagnosed as having nodular sclerochoroidopathy after developing classic features of posterior scleritis with choroidal and serous retinal detachment. Long-term therapy with steroids in combination with mycophenolate mofetil resulted in regressed posterior scleritis and nodular lesions, as well as improved visual acuity.

Intercellular adhesion molecule inhibitors as potential therapy for refractory uveitic macular edema.

Purpose: To describe the bioactivity of an intercellular adhesion molecule inhibitor (efalizumab) in a patient with refractory uveitic macular edema.

Methods: A 55-year-old man presented with idiopathic autoimmune uveitis and associated macular edema, which could not be controlled by regional and systemic corticosteroid and selected immunomodulatory therapy. Efalizumab was administered as subcutaneous injections.

Spontaneous corneal perforation in a patient with lamellar ichthyosis and dry eye.

We report spontaneous corneal perforation in a patient with lamellar ichthyosis. The patient presented with complaints of pain, redness, diminished vision, and discharge in her right eye for 15 days. Visual acuities were light perception in the right and 20/400 in the left eye.

Diagnosis of anomalous lacrimal ductule with the aid of salivary gland scintigraphy.

A 4-year-old boy presented with the complaint of fluid discharge from a 0.5-mm diameter opening at the lateral side of the right outer canthus during crying. The need for general anesthesia for contrast radiography prompted the authors to conducted salivary gland scintigraphy, which demonstrated radioactivity of the collected fluid.

Vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor level during gestation.

Purpose: To evaluate the vitreous VEGF level alterations and its correlation with its plasma level if any, in gestation.

Methods: The blood and vitreous sampling procedures were performed before, during (20-23 days of gestation), and after gestation (2 months after birth) from seven White New Zealand rabbits. Blood samples were centrifuged then supernatants and vitreous samples were stored at -80 degrees C until assay.

Investigation of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNAs in pterygium tissue.

Purpose: Recent studies postulated the presence of a probable relationship between pterygium and neoplasia. This study aimed to investigate the role of two oncogenic viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in the development of conjunctival pterygia.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the presence of HPV and EBV in 30 primary and 10 recurrent pterygia samples.

Detection of the regression on hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in optical coherence tomography.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) that is widely used in the treatment of the connective tissue disorders can cause retinopathy. The fundus examination of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving HCQ revealed left incomplete bull's eye and pigmentary changes in macula in the right eye. Repeated visual field tests showed the paracentral and peripheral defects in the right eye and the pericentral ring scotoma in the left eye.

The protective role of Visudyne eyeglass against VEGF synthesis after photodynamic therapy with verteporfin.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the extent of protection provided by Visudyne eyeglass against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis following photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: Three groups with 14 rabbits in each were established. These consisted of a control (dextrose infusion) group, an infusion (verteporfin infusion) group and an irradiation (verteporfin infusion + irradiation) group.

Pontine gaze deviation and face turn relieved by eye muscle surgery.

A 34-year-old woman developed a bilateral horizontal gaze palsy, left gaze deviation, and right face turn consequent to a pontine hemorrhage. A bilateral horizontal recession and resection of extraocular muscles in both eyes (Parks procedure) eliminated the gaze deviation and face turn. This is the first reported case in which this procedure was used to correct a face turn in a patient with bilateral horizontal gaze palsy but without ocular misalignment.

Plasma and vitreous homocysteine concentrations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: An increase in plasma concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate vitreous Hcy levels in patients with PDR.

Methods: Plasma and vitreous samples were obtained simultaneously at the time of vitreoretinal surgery from 20 patients with PDR and 12 nondiabetic patients with nonproliferative ocular diseases.

Presumed nasolacrimal endometriosis.

A 13-year-old girl was admitted with a complaint of cyclic bleeding from the left inferior punctum with menstruation. Crusted hemorrhage was noticed in the tear meniscus of the left eye and just inferior to the left caruncle. With gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging, the hemorrhagic tissue in the nasolacrimal canal was demonstrated and the diagnosis of nasolacrimal endometriosis was made.

Th1 polarization of the immune response in uveitis in Behçet's disease.

Background: It has been reported that abnormalities in the balance of T-helper cells type 1/2 (Th1/Th2) may account for the pathophysiology of human autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to define the role of the Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of uveitis in Behçet's disease (BD).

Methods: From February 2003 to August 2005, we studied 31 patients with active BD.