Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Community Environments Through Modeling Subtle Inconsistencies in Questionnaire Responses: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation.

Background: The underdiagnosis of cognitive impairment hinders timely intervention of dementia. Health professionals working in the community play a critical role in the early detection of cognitive impairment, yet still face several challenges such as a lack of suitable tools, necessary training, and potential stigmatization.

Objective: This study explored a novel application integrating psychometric methods with data science techniques to model subtle inconsistencies in questionnaire response data for early identification of cognitive impairment in community environments.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Identity Scale: Survey Study With Two Independent Samples of Adults in the United States.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests a positive association between relevant aspects of one's psychological identity and physical activity engagement, but the current understanding of this relationship is primarily based on scales designed to assess identity as a person who exercises, leaving out essential aspects of physical activities (eg, incidental and occupational physical activity) and sedentary behavior.

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the validity of a new physical activity and sedentary behavior (PA/SB) identity scale using 2 independent samples of US adults.

Methods: In study 1, participants answered 21 candidate items for the PA/SB identity scale and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF).

Whole Day Workload: Evaluation of a New Outcome Measure in Occupational Therapy for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Importance: Typical whole day workload is a metric with potential relevance to the occupational balance and well-being of individuals with chronic conditions.

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of using multiple daily NASA Task Load Index measures (whole day TLX) as an indicator of typical whole day workload experienced by adults with Type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Design: Participants with T1D completed cross-sectional measures and 2 wk of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and daily diaries.

Can you tell people's cognitive ability level from their response patterns in questionnaires?

Questionnaires are ever present in survey research. In this study, we examined whether an indirect indicator of general cognitive ability could be developed based on response patterns in questionnaires. We drew on two established phenomena characterizing connections between cognitive ability and people's performance on basic cognitive tasks, and examined whether they apply to questionnaires responses.

Cognitive Functioning and the Quality of Survey Responses: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 10 Epidemiological Studies of Aging.

Objectives: Self-reported survey data are essential for monitoring the health and well-being of the population as it ages. For studies of aging to provide precise and unbiased results, it is necessary that the self-reported information meets high psychometric standards. In this study, we examined whether the quality of survey responses in panel studies of aging depends on respondents' cognitive abilities.

Attrition from longitudinal ageing studies and performance across domains of cognitive functioning: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objectives: This paper examined the magnitude of differences in performance across domains of cognitive functioning between participants who attrited from studies and those who did not, using data from longitudinal ageing studies where multiple cognitive tests were administered.

Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Participants: Data are from 10 epidemiological longitudinal studies on ageing (total n=209 518) from several Western countries (UK, USA, Mexico, etc).

Research design and baseline participant characteristics of the Resilient, Empowered, Active Living with Diabetes - Telehealth (REAL-T) Study: A randomized controlled trial for young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition affecting nearly 1.9 million people in the United States. Young adults (YAs) with T1D face unique challenges in managing their condition, experiencing poorer health and well-being than other age groups.

Within-person relationships of sleep duration with next-day stress and affect in the daily life of adults with Type-1 diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect in the daily life of individuals with T1D.

Methods: Study participants were recruited in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures.

Reliability and Validity of Noncognitive Ecological Momentary Assessment Survey Response Times as an Indicator of Cognitive Processing Speed in People's Natural Environment: Intensive Longitudinal Study.

Background: Various populations with chronic conditions are at risk for decreased cognitive performance, making assessment of their cognition important. Formal mobile cognitive assessments measure cognitive performance with greater ecological validity than traditional laboratory-based testing but add to participant task demands. Given that responding to a survey is considered a cognitively demanding task itself, information that is passively collected as a by-product of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may be a means through which people's cognitive performance in their natural environment can be estimated when formal ambulatory cognitive assessment is not feasible.

Using Item Response Times in Online Questionnaires to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives: With the increase in web-based data collection, response times (RTs) for survey items have become a readily available byproduct in most online studies. We examined whether RTs in online questionnaires can prospectively discriminate between cognitively normal respondents and those with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND).

Method: Participants were 943 members of a nationally representative internet panel, aged 50 and older.

Developing Early Markers of Cognitive Decline and Dementia Derived From Survey Response Behaviors: Protocol for Analyses of Preexisting Large-scale Longitudinal Data.

Background: Accumulating evidence shows that subtle alterations in daily functioning are among the earliest and strongest signals that predict cognitive decline and dementia. A survey is a small slice of everyday functioning; nevertheless, completing a survey is a complex and cognitively demanding task that requires attention, working memory, executive functioning, and short- and long-term memory. Examining older people's survey response behaviors, which focus on how respondents complete surveys irrespective of the content being sought by the questions, may represent a valuable but often neglected resource that can be leveraged to develop behavior-based early markers of cognitive decline and dementia that are cost-effective, unobtrusive, and scalable for use in large population samples.

Within-person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type-1 Diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect in the daily life of individuals with T1D.

Methods: Study participants were recruited in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures.

Inferring Cognitive Abilities from Response Times to Web-Administered Survey Items in a Population-Representative Sample.

Monitoring of cognitive abilities in large-scale survey research is receiving increasing attention. Conventional cognitive testing, however, is often impractical on a population level highlighting the need for alternative means of cognitive assessment. We evaluated whether response times (RTs) to online survey items could be useful to infer cognitive abilities.

Quality of Survey Responses at Older Ages Predicts Cognitive Decline and Mortality Risk.

Background And Objectives: It is widely recognized that survey satisficing, inattentive, or careless responding in questionnaires reduce the quality of self-report data. In this study, we propose that such low-quality responding (LQR) can carry substantive meaning at older ages. Completing questionnaires is a cognitively demanding task and LQR among older adults may reflect early signals of cognitive deficits and pathological aging.

Function and Emotion in Everyday Life With Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D): Protocol for a Fully Remote Intensive Longitudinal Study.

Background: Although short-term blood glucose levels and variability are thought to underlie diminished function and emotional well-being in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), these relationships are poorly understood. The Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with T1D (FEEL-T1D) study focuses on investigating these short-term dynamic relationships among blood glucose levels, functional ability, and emotional well-being in adults with T1D.

Objective: The aim of this study is to present the FEEL-T1D study design, methods, and study progress to date, including adaptations necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic to implement the study fully remotely.

Disparities in Shared Decision Making and Service Receipt Among Children With Special Health Care Needs and Developmental Delay: A National Survey Analysis.

Shared decision making (SDM) is associated with increased service satisfaction among pediatric patients. Our objective was to examine the association between SDM and service use experiences across racial/ethnic child groups. This secondary data analysis used the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) and 2011 Pathways to Diagnosis and Services Survey.

Longitudinal Effects of an Intergenerational mHealth Program for Older Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Rural Taiwan.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to test the longitudinal efficacy of a mHealth intervention (Intergenerational Mobile Technology Opportunities Program, IMTOP) for older type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in rural Taiwan. Few mHealth programs targeted rural older adults and the longitudinal effects are unknown.

Methods: Ninety-seven T2DM patients aged 55+ were recruited from an outpatient in Hualien, Taiwan.

Shared decision-making and parental experiences with health services to meet their child's special health care needs: Racial and ethnic disparities.

Objectives: Test the relationship between shared decision-making (SDM) and parental report of frustration with efforts to get services for their child and to address unmet health needs; assess SDM's influence on minority parents' service experiences.

Methods: Performed secondary analysis using the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (n = 40,242). Used multivariate logistic regressions to test the association between SDM and parent-reported service experiences, and whether SDM influenced the association between minorities and negative service experiences.

Cost-Effectiveness of a Technology-Facilitated Depression Care Management Adoption Model in Safety-Net Primary Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The Diabetes-Depression Care-Management Adoption Trial is a translational study of safety-net primary care predominantly Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes in collaboration with the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an information and communication technology (ICT)-facilitated depression care management program.

Methods: Cost-effectiveness of the ICT-facilitated care (TC) delivery model was evaluated relative to a usual care (UC) and a supported care (SC) model.

Comparative Effectiveness of a Technology-Facilitated Depression Care Management Model in Safety-Net Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Outcomes of a Large Clinical Trial.

Background: Comorbid depression is a significant challenge for safety-net primary care systems. Team-based collaborative depression care is effective, but complex system factors in safety-net organizations impede adoption and result in persistent disparities in outcomes. Diabetes-Depression Care-management Adoption Trial (DCAT) evaluated whether depression care could be significantly improved by harnessing information and communication technologies to automate routine screening and monitoring of patient symptoms and treatment adherence and allow timely communication with providers.

Promotora assisted depression and self-care management among predominantly Latinos with concurrent chronic illness: Safety net care system clinical trial results.

The study evaluated depression and self-care management among patients with diabetes and/or heart disease in a 12-month randomized trial conducted in Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LAC-DHS) community clinics. We compared LAC-DHS clinic usual care (UC) versus A-Helping-Hand (AHH) intervention in which bilingual promotoras, hired and supervised by the research project, provided 6 weekly psychoeducational sessions followed by boosters. Of 1957 screened, 348 depressed patients (PHQ-9 score≥10) were enrolled, randomized to AHH (n=178) or UC (n=170) after baseline interview assessing mental health, treatment receipt, co-morbid illness, self-care management, and environmental stressors.

Promotora assisted depression care among predominately Hispanic patients with concurrent chronic illness: Public care system clinical trial design.

Depression frequently negatively affects patient overall self-care and social stress management within United States safety net care systems. Rates of major depression are significantly high among low-income predominantly Hispanic/Latino with chronic illness, such as diabetes and heart disease. The study design of the A Helping Hand to Activate Patient-Centered Depression Care among Low-income Patients (AHH) randomized clinical trial aims to enhance patient depression care receipt and overall bio-psychosocial self-care management.

Demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors identify a high-risk group for depression screening among predominantly Hispanic patients with Type 2 diabetes in safety net care.

Objective: Identify biopsychosocial factors associated with depression for patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Method: A quasi-experimental clinical trial of 1293 patients was predominantly Hispanic (91%) female (62%), mean age 53 and average diabetes duration 10 years; 373 (29%) patients were depressed and assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Demographic, baseline clinical and psychosocial variables were compared between depressed and nondepressed patients.