Vibrational spectroscopy characterization of impregnated activated carbon adsorption of HS.

Activated carbon filters are used for the removal of hazardous gases from the air. This research applied vibrational spectroscopy methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to characterize hydrogen sulfide adsorption on impregnated carbon materials with metals having reactivity toward hydrogen sulfide. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results demonstrated the formation of a new chemical bond between the impregnating metals and the sulfur, indicated by the appearance of a new band at 618 cm.

Highly sensitive chemiluminescence sensors for the detection and differentiation of chemical warfare agents.

Highly sensitive chemiluminescence-based probes that effectively detect and differentiate between the extremely toxic real G- and V-type organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OPCWAs) are presented. This straightforward approach does not require any instrumentation or light source; hence, it appears ideal for the future development of field colorimetric detectors.

[Association of Polymorphic Genome Variants in the 2q32.1 Locus with the Development of Vasovagal Syncope].

The vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common form of syncope. The mechanisms of VVS development are not entirely clear. It is known that there is a genetic predisposition to this disease, but the data on the roles of individual genes are quite contradictory.

Phosphate Additives for Aging Inhibition of Impregnated Activated Carbon against Hazardous Gases.

Impregnated activated carbons (IACs) used in air filtration gradually lose their efficacy for the chemisorption of noxious gases when exposed to humidity due to impregnated metal deactivation. In order to stabilize IACs against aging, and to prolong the filters' shelf life, inorganic phosphate compounds (phosphoric acid and its three salts, NaHPO, NaHPO, and NaPO) were used as anti-aging additives for two different chromium-free IACs impregnated with copper, zinc, molybdenum, and triethylenediamine (TEDA). Phosphoric acid, monosodium, and disodium phosphate were found to be very efficient in inhibiting the aging of IACs over long periods against cyanogen chloride (the test agent) chemisorption, with the latter being the most efficient.

Non-Contact, Continuous Sampling of Porous Surfaces for the Detection of Particulate and Adsorbed Organic Contaminations by Low-Temperature Plasma Coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometer.

Chemical analysis of hazardous surface contaminations, such as hazardous substances, explosives or illicit drugs, is an essential task in security, environmental and safety applications. This task is mostly based on the collection of particles with swabs, followed by thermal desorption into a vapor analyzer, usually a detector based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). While this methodology is well established for several civil applications, such as border control, it is still not efficient enough for various conditions, as in sampling rough and porous surfaces.

Studying the Physical and Chemical Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane Matrix Reinforced by Nanostructured TiO Supported on Mesoporous Silica.

In this study, a reactive adsorbent filler was integrated into a polymeric matrix as a novel reactive protective barrier without undermining its mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. For this purpose, newly synthesized TiO/MCM/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites were prepared, and their various properties were thoroughly studied. The filler, TiO/MCM, is based on a (45 wt%) TiO nanoparticle catalyst inside the pores of ordered mesoporous silica, MCM-41, which combines a high adsorption capacity and catalytic capability.

Placing CF in the Center: Major Physicochemical Changes Upon a Minor Structural Alteration in Gem-Difunctional Compounds.

Fluorine atoms play an important role in all branches of chemistry and accordingly, it is very important to study their unique and varied effects systematically, in particular, the structure-physicochemical properties relationship. The present study describes exceptional physicochemical effects resulting from a H/F exchange at the methylene bridge of gem-difunctional compounds. The Δlog P values, that is, the change in lipophilicity, observed for the CH /CF replacement in various α,α-phenoxy- and thiophenoxy-esters/amides, diketones, benzodioxoles and more, fall in the range of 0.

Vasovagal Syncope Is Associated with Variants in Genes Involved in Neurohumoral Signaling Pathways.

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of sudden loss of consciousness. VVS results from cerebral hypoperfusion, due to abnormal autonomic control of blood circulation, leading to arterial hypotension. It is a complex disease, and its development is largely associated with genetic susceptibility.

Studying Lipophilicity Trends of Phosphorus Compounds by P-NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for the Design of P-Containing Drugs.

Systematically studying the lipophilicity of phosphorus compounds is of great importance for many chemical and biological fields and particularly for medicinal chemistry. Here, we report on the study of trends in the lipophilicity of a wide set of phosphorus compounds relevant to drug design including phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, bis-phosphonates, and phosphine chalcogenides. This was enabled by the development of a straightforward log determination method for phosphorus compounds based on P-NMR spectroscopy.

Explosive vapour/particles detection using SERS substrates and a hand-held Raman detector.

We developed and optimized surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS) methods for trace analysis of explosive vapour and particles using a hand-held Raman spectrometer in the field. At first, limits of detection (LODs) using SERS methods based on a colloidal suspension of gold nanoparticles were measured under alkaline conditions and are as follows: pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) (1.5 × 10 M, 6.

Abscopal effect in the radio and immunotherapy.

This review is devoted to a rare in clinical practice, but promising phenomenon of regression distant non-irradiated metastases in combination therapy of cancer patients. R. H.

Evaluating prediction methods for glomerular filtration to optimise drug doses in obese and nonobese patients.

Aims: The most suitable method for predicting the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in obesity is currently debated. Therefore, multiple GFR/creatinine clearance prediction methods were applied to (morbidly) obese and nonobese patients ranging from moderate renal impairment to glomerular hyperfiltration and their predictions were rated based on observed fosfomycin pharmacokinetics, as this model drug is exclusively eliminated via glomerular filtration.

Methods: The GFR/creatinine clearance predictions via the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD; indexed and de-indexed by body surface area) and creatinine clearance via the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CLCR ) using different body size descriptors were compared to the fosfomycin clearance (CL ) from 30 surgical patients (body mass index = 20.

Towards Understanding the Genetic Nature of Vasovagal Syncope.

Syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness caused by transient global cerebral hypoperfusion, affects 30-40% of humans during their lifetime. Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of syncope, the etiology of which is still unclear. This review summarizes data on the genetics of VVS, describing the inheritance pattern of the disorder, candidate gene association studies and genome-wide studies.

In vitro modeling of tumor interclonal interactions using breast cancer cell lines.

Aim: To study the peculiarities of ecological relationships of breast cancer (BC) cell lines MCF-7, BT-474 and MDA-MD-231 under co-culturing conditions.

Materials And Methods: Three BC cell lines: luminal A - MCF-7, luminal B - BT-474 and triple-negative - MDA-MD-231 were co-cultured pairwise. Immunocytochemistry was used to differentiate the cell lines in the wells.

Modulation of the H-Bond Basicity of Functional Groups by α-Fluorine-Containing Functions and its Implications for Lipophilicity and Bioisosterism.

Modulation of the H-bond basicity (p) of various functional groups (FGs) by attaching fluorine functions and its impact on lipophilicity and bioisosterism considerations are described. In general, H/F replacement at the α-position to H-bond acceptors leads to a decrease of the p value, resulting, in many cases, in a dramatic increase in the compounds' lipophilicity (log ). In the case of α-CFH, we found that these properties may also be affected by intramolecular H-bonds between CFH and the FG.

Sonic-spray introduction of liquid samples to hand-held Ion mobility spectrometry analyzers.

Sampling hazardous compounds in the form of solids and liquids is a growing need in the fields of homeland security and forensics. Chemical analysis of particles and droplets under field conditions is crucial for various tasks carried out by counter-terrorism and law enforcement units. The use of simple, small and low cost means to achieve this goal is constantly pursued.

Transcriptome of Breast Tumors With Different Amplification Status of the Long Arm of Chromosome 8.

Background: Amplification of chromosome 8q with locus 8q24 is the most common copy number aberration, and is associated with tumour progression and chemoresistance.

Materials And Methods: The study used paired samples of biopsy and surgical material from 60 patients with breast cancer. The amplification status of 8q was determined using a CytoScan HD Array microarray; complete transcriptomic analysis was performed using a Human Clariom S Assays microarray (Affymetrix, USA).

NF-kB as a potential prognostic marker and a candidate for targeted therapy of cancer.

The NF-kB1 gene belongs to the family of transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological reactions. It has been established that NF-kB1 plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses, but more and more studies indicate that this gene is involved in the processes of oncogenesis and DNA repair. The product of this gene regulates the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of cancer.

[Adherence and efficacy of long-term PAP therapy in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders associated with cardiac conduction disorders].

Aim: To study the effectiveness of prolonged use of PAP therapy (positive airway pressure therapy) in eliminating sleep respiratory disorders and associated cardiac conduction disturbances.

Materials And Methods: We included 21 patients who were examined at the Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, regarding cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances, as well as obstructive sleep apnea and who have been on PAP therapy for more than 12 months. The average age was 66.

Recovery of Theta Frequency Oscillations in Rats Following Lateral Fluid Percussion Corresponds With a Mild Cognitive Phenotype.

Whether from a fall, sports concussion, or even combat injury, there is a critical need to identify when an individual is able to return to play or work following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP) represent potential tools to monitor circuit-level abnormalities related to learning and memory: specifically, theta oscillations can be readily observed and play a critical role in cognition. Following moderate traumatic brain injury in the rat, lasting changes in theta oscillations coincide with deficits in spatial learning.

Selective detection of chemical warfare agents VX and Sarin by the short wavelength inner filter technique (SWIFT).

A novel SWIFT-based strategy for fluorimetric detection of practical amounts (minimal effective dose or lower) of chemical warfare agents is reported. This strategy employs readily available reagents and allows distinguishing between the V and G agents, as well as their discrimination from potential interferents.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for detection of VX and HD in the gas phase using a hand-held Raman spectrometer.

A sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate was developed to enable hand-held Raman spectrometers to detect gas-phase VX and HD. The substrate comprised Au nanoparticles modified onto quartz fibres. Limits of detection (LOD) of 0.

Amplifications of stemness genes and the capacity of breast tumors for metastasis.

Introduction: The phenomenon of non-CSC (cancer stem cell) to CSC plasticity has been previously described in multiple studies and occurs during the ectopic expression of stemness genes such as , , , , , and . In our opinion, acquiring the ability to ectopically express stemness genes, selected by bioinformatics analysis and, accordingly, non-CSC to CSC plasticity, is due to amplification of genes at the following locations: 3q, 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 13q, 9p, 9q, 10p, 10q21.1, 16p, 18chr, 19p.

[Viral co-infection with head and neck tumors].

The review is devoted to assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in combination with other viral agents for head and neck tumors (HNT). HPV is recognized as an etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer, but there is evidence that it may be involved in carcinogenesis in other locations, in particular the upper respiratory tract. However, HPV is not the most important factor in tumor growth and progression.

[Lifestyle Modification as a Method of Treatment of Vasovagal Syncope].

Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause for loss of consciousness. The need for treatment of this condition is warranted by impaired quality of life and a risk of trauma due to the fall. At present, there are no medications with proven preventive effectiveness for vasovagal syncope as demonstrated by large randomized, placebo-controlled studies.