Unveiling the diet of two generalist stink bugs, Halyomorpha halys and Pentatoma rufipes (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), through metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from gut content.

Background: The use of DNA metabarcoding has become an increasingly popular technique to infer feeding relationships in polyphagous herbivores and predators. Understanding host plant preference of native and invasive herbivore insects can be helpful in establishing effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The invasive Halyomorpha halys and native Pentatoma rufipes are piercing-sucking stink bug pests that are known to cause economic damage in commercial fruit orchards.

An Advanced One-Step RT-LAMP for Rapid Detection of Combined with High-Throughput Sequence-Based Phylogenomics Reveal Divergent Flowering Cherry Isolates.

Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2, genus ) is considered to be the main causal agent of the economically damaging little cherry disease, which can only be controlled by removal of infected trees. The widespread viral disease of sweet cherry ( L.) is affecting the survival of long-standing orchards in North America and Europe, hence the dire need for an early and accurate diagnosis to establish a sound disease control strategy.

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting spp. in Belgium.

Little cherry disease, caused by little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) and little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), which are both members of the family , severely affects sweet ( L.) and sour cherry ( L.) orchards lifelong production worldwide.

New sensitive and fast detection of Little cherry virus 1 using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP).

Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) belongs to the genus Velarivirus, family Closteroviridae, is an economically important pathogen affecting mainly cherry around the world emphasizing the impetus for its efficient and accurate on-site detection. This study describes the development of a reliable diagnostic protocol of LChV-1 based on a one-step reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The protocol detects LChV-1 isolates in less than 10 min by fluorescence monitoring using a mobile detection device and is most optimal when performed at 67 °C.

PHYTOPLASMAS IN POME FRUIT TREES: UPDATE OF THEIR PRESENCE AND THEIR VECTORS IN BELGIUM.

Among the numerous diseases that can attack pome fruit trees, apple proliferation and pear decline, both caused by a phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' (AP) and 'Ca. P. pyri' (PD), respectively), may result into important losses of quality and quantity of the crop.

BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE APPLE MEALYBUG PHENACOCCUS ACERIS (SIGNORET) IN BELGIUM.

Although in general very rare, some outbreaks of the apple mealybug Phenococcus aceris (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) were reported in the Belgian fruit growing area recently. This insect is known to be geographically widespread, to have a broad host range and to infest apple trees. Damage at harvest is considerable when sooty molds, a consequence of the pest's honeydew production, cover the fruits.

Preliminary results on the ability of pentatomidae to transfer fire blight Erwinia amylovora under controlled conditions.

With their piercing-sucking mouthparts stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), a major pest in especially organic orchards, create wounds in fruit of pear trees. As Erwinia amylovora (Burrill, Winslow et al.), a wide spread bacterial disease affecting many rosaceous plants including pome fruit trees and hawthorn, enters through openings in flowers, leaves, shoots and fruit, feeding punctures caused by these bugs might be inoculated with Erwinia bacteria.

Life cycle and control of the forest bug Pentatoma rufipes L. in organically managed pear orchards.

In Belgian pear production growers may encounter major economic problems when fruit becomes damaged by bugs. One of the major pests belongs to the stink bugs, Pentatoma rufipes L. (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) which feeds by piercing into buds, flowers and fruit.

Earwig management tool: an IPM decision aid system for augmentation of European earwig populations (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in pip fruit orchards.

A key element of integrated pest management (IPM) is the suppression of potential pest outbreaks by beneficial arthropods. The European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., is an important natural enemy of a wide range of insect pests in pip fruit orchards.

Integrated management of phytoplasma diseases in pome fruit: an overview of efficacy results of IPM insecticides against pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyri).

Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic mollicutes that cause devastating diseases in various crops worldwide. The closely related pome fruit tree phytoplasmas Candidatus Phytoplasma mali and Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri are the causal agents of apple proliferation and pear decline, respectively. They can be transmitted from tree to tree by Psyllidae.

Side effects of plant protection products and biological interactions on the European earwig Forficula auricularia L.

Plant protection products are designed to control pests but can have negative side effects on non-target arthropods thus disturbing the important population of natural enemies required for biological control. Although the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L, (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) is not considered to be a key beneficial in pome fruit, it is an important predator of several pests, e.g.

Parasitation of the parasitic wasp Ephedrus Persicae(Frogatt) on the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis Plantaginea (Passerini).

The rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea is one of the most important leaf sucking pests in pome fruit. As damage, caused by an infestation of a relatively small number of fundatrices in spring, easily exceeds the economic threshold level, pest management is crucial. Besides the use of IPM-compatible pesticides, natural enemies (ladybird beetles, parasitic wasps, saw flies.

The Stroke Unit Discharge Guideline, a prognostic framework for the discharge outcome from the hospital stroke unit. A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate which factors during the subacute phase post stroke have predictive value for the discharge outcome from the hospital stroke unit.

Methods: In a prospective cohort of 338 patients admitted to a hospital stroke unit 26 potentially prognostic factors, arranged in clinical and social subdomains, were scored and analysed by binary logistic regression analysis. The outcome of the research consisted of the various discharge destinations.