HIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant.

Previously, two men were cured of HIV-1 through CCR5Δ32 homozygous (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) allogeneic adult stem cell transplant. We report the first remission and possible HIV-1 cure in a mixed-race woman who received a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord transplant (cord blood cells combined with haploidentical stem cells from an adult) to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Peripheral blood chimerism was 100% CCR5Δ32/Δ32 cord blood by week 14 post-transplant and persisted through 4.

Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Stage II-IV Epithelial Ovary, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma: A Practice Guideline.

Background: This study aims to provide guidance for the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapy in women with newly diagnosed stage II-IV epithelial ovary, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma.

Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were investigated for relevant systematic reviews and phase III trials. Articles focusing on consolidation and maintenance therapies were excluded.

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapy for newly diagnosed stage II- IV epithelial ovary, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma: A systematic review.

Background: To systematically review neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy options for women with newly diagnosed stage II-IV ovarian cancer.

Methods: Phase III trials were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Maintenance therapies were excluded.

Unlicensed Umbilical Cord Blood Units Provide a Safe and Effective Graft Source for a Diverse Population: A Study of 2456 Umbilical Cord Blood Recipients.

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation (UCBT) is a curative procedure for patients with hematologic malignancies and genetic disorders and expands access to transplantation for non-Caucasian patients unable to find a fully matched unrelated donor. In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration required that unrelated UCBT be performed using either licensed UCB or unlicensed UCB under the Investigational New Drug (IND) program. The National Marrow Donor Program manages an IND under which 2456 patients (1499 adults and 957 children, 564 with malignant diseases and 393 with nonmalignant diseases) underwent single or double UCBT between October 2011 and December 2016.

Anti-nerve growth factor antibody attenuates chronic morphine treatment-induced tolerance in the rat.

Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to induce inflammation and pain; however its role in opioid-induced tolerance has not been studied. This study investigated the effects of an anti-NGF neutralizing antibody on the development of tolerance following chronic morphine treatment in naïve rats.

Methods: Four groups of rats were used in this study; one treated with saline alone, one with 10 mg/kg of morphine, one with 10 μg of anti-NGF and the other with 10 mg/kg of morphine + 10 μg of anti-NGF, twice per day for 5 days.

Tetrodotoxin suppresses thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in a rat full thickness thermal injury pain model.

Burn injuries have been identified as the primary cause of injury in 5% of U.S. military personnel evacuated from Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.

CCR5 Δ32 homozygous cord blood allogeneic transplantation in a patient with HIV: a case report.

Background: Allogeneic donor CCR5 Δ32 homozygous haemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) provides the only evidence to date of long-term control of HIV infection. However, availability of conventional CCR5 Δ32 homozygous donors is insufficient to develop this as a therapeutic strategy further.

Methods: We present a 37-year-old patient with HIV-1 infection and aggressive lymphoma who had disease progression after five lines of radiochemotherapy including an autologous HCT, and in the absence of matched sibling donors, received an allogeneic HCT with four of six HLA-matched CCR5 Δ32 homozygous cord blood cells (StemCyte, Covina, CA), supported with purified CD34+ cells from a haploidentical sibling.

Anti-hyperalgesic effects of AG490, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in a rat model of inflammatory pain.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has a critical role in pain mechanisms. IL-6 signals through the Janus-activated kinases 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. The contribution of JAK2 signaling in inflammation-induced hyperalgesia has not been addressed previously.

Progress toward curing HIV infection with hematopoietic cell transplantation.

HIV-1 infection afflicts more than 35 million people worldwide, according to 2014 estimates from the World Health Organization. For those individuals who have access to antiretroviral therapy, these drugs can effectively suppress, but not cure, HIV-1 infection. Indeed, the only documented case for an HIV/AIDS cure was a patient with HIV-1 and acute myeloid leukemia who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from a graft that carried the HIV-resistant CCR5-∆32/∆32 mutation.

Prehospital and en route analgesic use in the combat setting: a prospectively designed, multicenter, observational study.

Background: Combat injuries result in acute, severe pain. Early use of analgesia after injury is known to be beneficial. Studies on prehospital analgesia in combat are limited and no prospectively designed study has reported the use of analgesics in the prehospital and en route care setting.

Effect of cord blood processing on transplantation outcomes after single myeloablative umbilical cord blood transplantation.

Variations in cord blood manufacturing and administration are common, and the optimal practice is not known. We compared processing and banking practices at 16 public cord blood banks (CBB) in the United States and assessed transplantation outcomes on 530 single umbilical cord blood (UCB) myeloablative transplantations for hematologic malignancies facilitated by these banks. UCB banking practices were separated into 3 mutually exclusive groups based on whether processing was automated or manual, units were plasma and red blood cell reduced, or buffy coat production method or plasma reduced.

State of the science review: Advances in pain management in wounded service members over a decade at war.

The pain conditions and comorbidities experienced by injured service members and the challenge of pain management by the military medical system offer a unique opportunity to inform pain management and medical research. In this article, acute and chronic pain issues, current treatment options and limitations, as well as novel approaches to pain management are discussed within the context of combat casualty care, from the battlefield to hospitalization and rehabilitation. This review will also highlight the current pain management limitations that need to be addressed in future clinical and basic science research to improve care for our nation's injured service members.

Development of conventional and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Tembusu virus in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes.

Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an important emerging arthropod-borne virus that may cause encephalitis in humans and has been isolated in regions of southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Thailand, and China. Currently, detection and identification of TMUV are limited to research laboratories, because quantitative rapid diagnostic assays for the virus do not exist. We describe the development of sensitive and specific conventional and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for detecting TMUV RNA in infected cell culture supernatant and Culex tarsalis mosquitoes.

The intraoperative administration of ketamine to burned U.S. service members does not increase the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Aim: Patients with severe burns typically undergo multiple surgeries, and ketamine is often used as part of the multimodal anesthetic regimen during such surgeries. The anesthetic ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that also provides analgesia at subanesthetic doses, but the psychoactive side effects of ketamine have caused concern about its potential psychological effects on a combat-wounded population. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 30% of burned U.

Current thawing and infusion practice of cryopreserved cord blood: the impact on graft quality, recipient safety, and transplantation outcomes.

Methods of handling, thawing, and infusion of cord blood (CB) products vary substantially among thaw/transplant centers (TCs). This review 1) compares currently available CB product types and thaw methods recommended by CB banks (CBBs), 2) discusses causes of inconsistency in thaw method application at TCs, 3) advises elements to consider in thaw method approval or selection at the TC, 4) provides a procedural template for the traditional thaw methods, and 5) suggests acceptable time from product thaw to infusion and other considerations for safe infusion. It also compares postinfusion adverse reaction and engraftment data as functions of thaw methods.

Neurofibroma of sinus maxillae.

Neurofibroma is a benign tumour composed from Schwann cells. Localization in sinus maxillea is very rare. Authors presenting case which was treatment in Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic in Wrocław.

A rat model of full thickness thermal injury characterized by thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, pronociceptive peptide release and tramadol analgesia.

Opioid-related side effects are problematic for burn patients. Dual mechanism therapeutics targeting opioid and non-opioid mechanisms may have reduced side effects with similar analgesic efficacy. Tramadol combines mu opioid receptor agonism with norepinephrine reuptake inhibition and has been effective in treating some types of pain.

Curcumin: a novel therapeutic for burn pain and wound healing.

Introduction: Managing burn injury-associated pain and wounds is a major unresolved clinical problem. Opioids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants and anticonvulsants remain the most common forms of analgesic therapy to treat burn patients. However, prolonged treatment with these drugs leads to dose escalation and serious side effects.

Cord blood transplantation for cure of HIV infections.

HIV infection has not been cured by antiretroviral drugs or gene therapy, but it has been cured by a hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that was performed for a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and HIV infection using peripheral blood stem cells from an adult donor homozygous for CCR5-Δ32 (CCR5-Δ32/Δ32). HIV has remained undetectable more than 6 years after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. However, this approach cannot be readily generalized because of the low prevalence of the CCR5-Δ32 allele and the need for a very close human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match between adult donors and recipients, as when bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplants are performed.

Evaluation of a field-portable DNA microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals.

Highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. We evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable DNA microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. The prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal RNA, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation with cord blood for cure of HIV infections.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 stem cells from an adult donor has resulted in the only known cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, it is not feasible to repeat this procedure except rarely because of the low incidence of the CCR5-Δ32 allele, the availability of only a small number of potential donors for most patients, and the need for a very close human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match between adult donors and recipients. In contrast, cord blood (CB) transplantations require significantly less stringent HLA matching.

Analysis of 120 pediatric patients with nonmalignant disorders transplanted using unrelated plasma-depleted or -reduced cord blood.

Background: Unrelated cord blood (CB) is an important stem cell source for unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) of patients with nonmalignant disorders. Processing methods to prepare red blood cell-reduced CB units incur significant nucleated cell loss. In contrast, plasma depletion or reduction (PDR) processing of CB units entails the removal of only a portion of the plasma with minimal nucleated cell loss.

Cell recovery comparison between plasma depletion/reduction- and red cell reduction-processing of umbilical cord blood.

Background Aims: Limited cell dose has hampered the use of cord blood transplantation (CBT) in adults. One method of minimizing nucleated cell loss in cord blood (CB) processing is to deplete or reduce plasma but not red blood cells - plasma depletion/reduction (PDR).

Methods: The nucleated cell loss of PDR was studied, and determined to be less than 0.