The Impact of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of the Pathogens , , and .

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogens and, thus, be useful in the control of dangerous diseases. The application of environmentally friendly approaches to protect agricultural and forestry ecosystems from invasive and hazardous species has become more significant in last decades. Therefore, the identification and characterization of essential oils with a strong inhibitory activity against aggressive and widespread pathogens are of key importance in plant protection research.

and from Clade 9 Associated with Alder Decline in Bulgaria.

A number of species have been identified as destructive plant pathogens and invasive species. They have the potential to affect a wide range of host plants and cause diseases in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Two species from rhizosphere soil samples collected from declining in Bulgaria were isolated in the autumn of 2022.

Phylogeography, origin and population structure of the self-fertile emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora pseudosyringae.

Phytophthora pseudosyringae is a self-fertile pathogen of woody plants, particularly associated with tree species from the genera Fagus, Notholithocarpus, Nothofagus and Quercus, which is found across Europe and in parts of North America and Chile. It can behave as a soil pathogen infecting roots and the stem collar region, as well as an aerial pathogen infecting leaves, twigs and stem barks, causing particular damage in the United Kingdom and western North America. The population structure, migration and potential outcrossing of a worldwide collection of isolates were investigated using genotyping-by-sequencing.

A new hybrid of from Southeast Europe.

During an investigation of rivers in Bulgaria, an isolate of (RLKam2016/61c) was recovered and initially identified as based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence data. However, the sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I () gene revealed high similarity to sp. , and sequencing of other nuclear regions (β-tubulin [] and translation elongation factor 1-alpha []) revealed a significant number of polymorphisms, indicating a possible hybridization event.

TaSK5, an abiotic stress-inducible GSK3/shaggy-like kinase from wheat, confers salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

A novel cold-inducible GSK3/shaggy-like kinase, TaSK5, was isolated from winter wheat using a macroarray-based differential screening approach. TaSK5 showed high similarity to Arabidopsis subgroup I GSK3/shaggy-like kinases ASK-alpha, AtSK-gamma and ASK-epsilon. RNA gel blot analyses revealed TaSK5 induction by cold and NaCl treatments and to a lesser extent by drought treatment.

Oxidation of oxymyoglobin by poplar plastocyanins a and b.

Oxidation of oxymyoglobin [MbO2(Fe2+)] by isoplastocyanins a (PCa) and b (PCb) was experimentally investigated and the corresponding redox reaction was modeled using the physicochemical parameters of the isoforms to study the effect of the dimorphism. The kinetic curve of oxidation of MbO2 (Fe2+) by oxidized PCa [PCa(Cu2+)] and PCb [PCb(Cu2+)] and the pH-dependence of the rate constant kI were determined. In the range of pH 4.

Some physicochemical peculiarities of poplar plastocyanins a and b.

The redox potentials of poplar plastocyanins a and b (PCa, PCb) were determined by spectrophotometric titrations of their reduced forms with [Fe(CN)6]3-. It was found that the two isoforms have the following millimolar extinction coefficients epsilon597 equilibrium constants Keq of one-electron exchange with [Fe(CN)6]4-/[Fe(CN)6]3-, and standard electron potentials E0: PCa: epsilon597 = (4.72 +/- 0.

A cold inducible multidomain cystatin from winter wheat inhibits growth of the snow mold fungus, Microdochium nivale.

A novel cold-induced cystatin cDNA clone (TaMDC1) was isolated from cold acclimated winter wheat crown tissue by using a macroarray-based differential screening method. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of a putative N-terminal secretory signal peptide of 37 amino acids and a mature protein (mTaMDC1) with a molecular mass of 23 kDa. The mTaMDC1 had a highly conserved N-terminal cystatin domain and a long C-terminal extension containing a second region, which exhibited partial similarity to the cystatin domain.