Selection of Honey Bee () Genotypes for Three Generations of Low and High Population Growth of the Mite .

Honey bee () population declines have been associated with the parasitic mite, , which is currently primarily controlled by the use of acaricides. An alternative is to breed for resistance to , which was conducted in this study by bidirectional selection for mite fall to obtain colonies with low (resistant) or high (susceptible) population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Selection for three generations resulted in approx.

Utilizing machine learning and hemagglutinin sequences to identify likely hosts of influenza H3Nx viruses.

Influenza is a disease that represents both a public health and agricultural risk with pandemic potential. Among the subtypes of influenza A virus, H3 influenza virus can infect many avian and mammalian species and is therefore a virus of interest to human and veterinary public health. The primary goal of this study was to train and validate classifiers for the identification of the most likely host species using the hemagglutinin gene segment of H3 viruses.

Prevalence of Adult Honey Bee ( L.) Pests and Pathogens in the Five Beekeeping Regions of Mexico.

Mexico is a major honey producer, but not much information exists about the health status of honey bees ( L.) in the country. This study was conducted to determine the sanitary status of adult honey bees in Mexico's five beekeeping regions.

Development of interactive dashboards for monitoring endemic animal pathogens in Ontario, Canada: Ontario interactive animal pathogen dashboards.

The advancement of web-based technologies makes it possible to build user interfaces or web pages that present and summarize complex data in easy-to-read graphical formats that emphasize key information. Taking advantage of this technologic progress, we addressed the need for real-time visualizations of trends for major pathogens in the largest livestock industries in Ontario: poultry, swine, and cattle. These visualizations were built using test data from the laboratory information management system of the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, a large veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Ontario.

The Fungus and a Sublethal Dose of the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Thiamethoxam Differentially Affected the Health and Immunity of Africanized Honey Bees.

Honey bees ( L.) are affected by different biotic and abiotic stressors, such as the fungus and neonicotinoid insecticides, that negatively impact their health. However, most studies so far conducted have focused on the effect of these stressors separately and in European honey bees.

Genotype, but Not Climate, Affects the Resistance of Honey Bees () to Viral Infections and to the Mite .

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of genotype and climate on the resistance of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies to parasitic and viral diseases. The prevalence and intensity of parasitism by Varroa destructor, or infection by Nosema spp., and four honey bee viruses were determined in 365 colonies of predominantly European or African ancestry (descendants of A.

Detection and Concentration of Neonicotinoids and Other Pesticides in Honey from Honey Bee Colonies Located in Regions That Differ in Agricultural Practices: Implications for Human and Bee Health.

This is a preliminary study conducted to analyze the presence and concentration of pesticides in honey obtained from honey bee colonies located in two regions with managed ecosystems that differ in the intensity and technification of agricultural practices. Fourteen pesticides at variable concentrations were detected in 63% of the samples analyzed. The pesticides most frequently found at higher concentrations were insecticides (neonicotinoids, followed by organophosphates), herbicides, and fungicides.

Unna Boot With Keystone Advancement Flap Leads to Excellent Outcomes for Lower Extremity Reconstruction.

Background: The reconstruction of lower extremity defects can be technically challenging. The keystone island perforator flap is a workhorse reconstructive option for difficult-to-repair regions, including the lower limb. The goal of this study is to evaluate outcomes using the keystone flap in combination with the zinc oxide compression dressing (Unna boot) for repair of lower extremity defects.

The impact of the initial public health response to COVID-19 on swine health surveillance in Ontario.

COVID-19 restrictions and the pandemic have affected animal health and food production through the disease's effects on human activities. COVID-19 impact on swine health surveillance can be assessed by investigating submissions and test positivity for pathogens before and after COVID-19 restrictions. PRRSV, Influenza A virus, and PCV-2 are considered important and economically challenging respiratory diseases for the swine populations.

Effect of feeding chitosan or peptidoglycan on Nosema ceranae infection and gene expression related to stress and the innate immune response of honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that causes nosema disease, an infection of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) midgut. Two pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), chitosan and peptidoglycan, and N. ceranae spores were fed to worker bees in sucrose syrup and compared to non-inoculated and N.

Infections in Honey Bees () Treated with Pre/Probiotics and Impacts on Colonies in the Field.

Alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin for the control of , a gut parasite of the honey bee, are needed. The prebiotics eugenol, chitosan, and naringenin and the probiotic Protexin () provided in sugar syrup or protein patty either in spring or fall were evaluated for their effects on infection, colony population, honey yield and winter survivorship using field colonies. In the first year, spring treatments with eugenol, naringenin, and Protexin significantly reduced infection and increased honey production, while Protexin also increased adult bee populations and chitosan was ineffective.

Macrophage Response to Simulated Solar Radiation in the Development of Human Malignant Melanoma.

Background: IFN-γ is widely debated regarding its purported anti- or pro-tumorigenic properties. We initiated a pilot study of primary malignant melanoma patients to investigate whether macrophage-derived IFN-γ is produced in humans as proposed in murine melanomagenesis models.

Methods: Biopsy specimens of fresh-frozen primary melanoma tissue were used to quantify co-localization of IFN-γ, macrophages, lymphocytes, and downstream IFN-γ signatures.

Nosema ceranae causes cellular immunosuppression and interacts with thiamethoxam to increase mortality in the stingless bee Melipona colimana.

The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae and neonicotinoid insecticides affect the health of honey bees (Apis mellifera). However, there is limited information about the effect of these stressors on other pollinators such as stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini). We examined the separate and combined effects of N.

Seasonality of Infections and Their Relationship with Honey Bee Populations, Food Stores, and Survivorship in a North American Region.

is an emerging pathogen of the western honey bee ( L.), and thus its seasonality and impact on bee colonies is not sufficiently documented for North America. This study was conducted to determine the infection intensity, prevalence, and viability of in >200 honey bee colonies during spring, summer, and fall, in a North American region.

Utilization of Facebook for support and education by patients with skin cancer.

The expanding role of social media in medical care has resulted in dermatology patients seeking support online regarding personal experience with diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. Owing to increased privacy settings in closed Facebook groups, the current study analyzed themes of keratinocyte carcinoma patients' posts within a relatively private social media network. Although the majority of messages included sharing personal experience and provided psychosocial support (50%), there were a significant number of posts offering medical advice (35%), with the majority of such replies being unsupported by evidence-based medicine (87%).

V-Y Hemi-keystone Advancement Flap: A Novel and Simplified Reconstructive Modification.

Background: The keystone perforator flap design has been gaining popularity for reconstruction of cutaneous defects due to its robust vascular supply and high rates of flap survival. However, the design requires significant tissue mobilization relative to the defect and is consequently technically demanding, time intensive, and has associated morbidity. We present a novel, simplified modification of the keystone flap that may increase its reconstructive applications.

Non-surgical management of primary invasive melanoma.

Surgical excision is standard-of-care for primary invasive melanoma, but best care can be unclear for patients who are surgically high-risk or for whom resection may be excessively morbid. Alternatives to surgical excision have emerged for treatment of metastatic melanoma but have not yet been explored for primary invasive melanoma. Two elderly patients with primary invasive melanoma with many medical co-morbidities who were not surgical candidates were determined to be appropriate candidates for an intralesional IL-2 based regimen.

Impact of Varroa destructor and deformed wing virus on emergence, cellular immunity, wing integrity and survivorship of Africanized honey bees in Mexico.

The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is the primary health problem of honey bees (Apis mellifera) worldwide. Africanized honey bees in Brazil have demonstrated tolerance to the mite, but there is controversy about the degree of mite tolerance of Africanized bees in other countries. This study was conducted to quantify the effect of V.

Tumor Board Conferences for Multidisciplinary Skin Cancer Management: A Survey of US Cancer Centers.

Tumor board conferences (TBCs) are used by oncologic specialists to review patient cases, exchange knowledge, and discuss options for cancer management. These multidisciplinary meetings are often a cornerstone of treatment at leading cancer centers and are required for accreditation by certain groups, such as the American College of Surgeons' Commission on Cancer. Little is known regarding skin cancer TBCs.

Assessment of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), generalized linear autoregressive moving average (GLARMA), and random forest (RF) time series regression models for predicting influenza A virus frequency in swine in Ontario, Canada.

Influenza A virus commonly circulating in swine (IAV-S) is characterized by large genetic and antigenic diversity and, thus, improvements in different aspects of IAV-S surveillance are needed to achieve desirable goals of surveillance such as to establish the capacity to forecast with the greatest accuracy the number of influenza cases likely to arise. Advancements in modeling approaches provide the opportunity to use different models for surveillance. However, in order to make improvements in surveillance, it is necessary to assess the predictive ability of such models.

Environmental and social determinants of population vulnerability to Zika virus emergence at the local scale.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) spread rapidly in the Americas in 2015. Targeting effective public health interventions for inhabitants of, and travellers to and from, affected countries depends on understanding the risk of ZIKV emergence (and re-emergence) at the local scale. We explore the extent to which environmental, social and neighbourhood disease intensity variables influenced emergence dynamics.