The impact of acculturative stress on internalizing problems among racially and ethnically minoritized adolescents and young adults in the U.S.: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Due to demographic changes of the U.S. population in the past few decades, more attention has been placed on understanding the sociocultural factors that have an impact on the mental health of racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) groups.

Vicarious Racism, Direct Racism, and Mental Health Among Racialized Minority Healthcare Workers.

Background: Racism-related stress is a root cause of racial and ethnic disparities in mental health outcomes. An individual may be exposed to racism directly or vicariously by hearing about or observing people of the same racial and/or ethnic group experience racism. Although the healthcare setting is a venue by which healthcare workers experience both direct and vicarious racism, few studies have assessed the associations between direct and vicarious racism and mental health outcomes among healthcare workers.

Development and Validation of the Vicarious Racism in Healthcare Workers Scale.

Vicarious racism occurs when hearing about or observing people of the same racial and/or ethnic group experience racism. Healthcare workers may face unique experiences of vicarious racism through witnessing or hearing about racism that their patients and colleagues face. However, there are no validated measures of vicarious racism for the healthcare worker population.

"They Wanted to Talk to a 'Real Doctor'": Predictors, Perpetrators, and Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Among Healthcare Workers.

Background: Racial and ethnic diversity of healthcare workers have benefits on team functioning and patient care. However, a significant barrier to retaining diverse providers is discrimination.

Objective: To assess the predictors, perpetrators, and narratives of racial discrimination among healthcare workers.

Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Racial and gender discrimination are risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the effects of discrimination on the mental health of healthcare workers needs to be further explored, especially in relation to competing stressors. Thus, we administered a survey to healthcare workers to investigate the associations between perceived racial and gender discrimination and symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and burnout during a period of substantial stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a national racial reckoning. We used multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for demographics and pandemic-related stressors.

Impact of perceived discrimination on depression and anxiety among Muslim college students: The role of acculturative stress, religious support, and Muslim identity.

In the United States, Muslims have increasingly been the targets of discrimination. While prior research suggests that increased perceived discrimination is associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms in this population, no existing studies have explored whether this relationship is mediated by acculturative stress, and few have examined potential moderating factors. This study aimed to investigate whether acculturative stress mediates the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as examine the moderating roles of Muslim identity and religious support.

Discrimination and Posttraumatic Growth Among Muslim American Youth: Mediation via Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms.

Muslim Americans increasingly have been targets of discrimination. Previous research has provided preliminary evidence that higher perceived discrimination is associated with higher symptoms of discrimination-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and higher discrimination-related posttraumatic growth (PTG). Further research in other contexts has shown that PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between event severity and PTG.

Perceived Discrimination and Major Depression and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms: In Muslim American College Students.

Prior research has found that Muslim Americans' discrimination experiences are associated with increased risk of mental health problems. However, few studies have included Muslim American college students or identified moderators of this relationship. Among a sample of Muslim American college students (N = 141), the current study found that perceived discrimination was positively associated with MD and GAD symptom severity.