Delayed secondary enrichment for the isolation of salmonellae from broiler chickens and their environment.

Specimens collected from six broiler flocks were cultured for salmonellae by three methods. (i) For direct enrichment, the specimen was homogenized, and 1 ml of the homogenate was inoculated into tetrathionate-brillant green broth; (ii) for preenrichment, liquid specimens and homogenates were incubated at 37 degrees C, and on the next day 1 ml was inoculated into tetrathionate-brillant green broth; and (iii) for delayed secondary enrichment, incubated preenrichment cultures were held at room temperature for 7 to 10 days and then subcultured to fresh tetrathionate-brilliant green broth. All tetrathionate-brilliant green broth cultures were incubated at 42 degrees C for 24 to 48 h before plating.

Sources of salmonellae in an uninfected commercially-processed broiler flock.

Cultural monitoring was used to study the incidence and sources of salmonellae in a 4160 bird broiler flock during the growing period, transport and processing in a commercial plant. No salmonellae were isolated from any of 132 litter samples of 189 chickens cultured during the seven-week growing period, even though nest litter samples from four of the eight parent flocks yielded salmonellae and Salmonella worthington was isolated from the meat meal component of the grower ration. On arrival at the plant, 2/23 birds sampled carried S.

Observations on competitive exclusion for preventing Salmonella typhimurium infection of broiler chickens.

In 3 separate trials, groups of 180-200 one-day-old broiler chicks were treated with a lyophilized extract of breeder flock litter, an anaerobic culture of this extract, and an anaerobic culture of adult chicken feces, respectively. They were placed on litter, exposed at 3 days of age to Salmonella typhimurium placed in the drinking water and reared to 7-8 weeks (market age). Culture of litter samples, and of the intestines of all chicks that died or were killed throughout the growing period, showed that the incidence of infection at market age was significantly lower in treated chickens than in untreated controls.

Flock infection and transport as sources of salmonellae in broiler chickens and carcasses.

Cultural monitoring was used to determine the incidence and sources of salmonellae in a 4160-bird broiler flock raised on litter in 32 pens. Twenty-five of the pens remained apparently free of salmonellae during the 49-day growing period. Salmonella johannesburg, first detected in the meat meal component of the starter ration, was recovered from the litter of seven pens and from the intestines of dead or culled chicks from two pens.

Transitional myeloproliferative disorder.

Eleven patients have been observed with clinical features of both polycythaemia vera and myelofibrosis. Detailed follow-up and repeated haematological and isotopic investigations, including the assessment of erythropoietic distribution by 52Fe scanning, over a 10 year period, have indicated that patients who initially present with this syndrome may remain in a steady state for several years and that this transitional syndrome does not necessarily imply an active or irreversible transformation into classical myelofibrosis. Therapy with iron, folic acid, alkylating agents, splenectomy or splenic irradiation may reduce the extramedullary component of myeloproliferation and allow occasional patients to revert to more classical polycythaemia vera.

Oral retinoid for psoriasis. A report of a double blind study.

Oral administration of an aromatic retinoid has a marked beneficial effect on psoriasis and does not produce significant changes in liver function or the blood count when given at a dose of 25 mgm three times a day for six weeks. This effect does not occur unless the drug has produced dermatological side-effects and this may inhibit its future acceptance but the present findings indicate that, at least in the less developed parts of the world where many Western treatments are unacceptable for various reasons, oral retinoids are a useful and relatively safe addition to the present range of medications available for psoriasis.

Hepatic iron clearance from serum in treated hemochromatosis.

Hepatic iron uptake from transferrin has been studied in 7 patients with treated hemochromatosis. When compared with a control group with similar serum iron and transferrin saturation the hemochromatotics had a significantly higher 4-hr iron uptake value. Uptake in the precirrhotic and cirrhotic hemochromatotics was not significantly different, suggesting the existence of a cellular abnormality of hepatic iron metabolism in this disease.

Polycythaemia vera-transformation to myelofibrosis and subsequent reversal.

A woman aged 67 who developed polycythaemia vera 21 years ago has been seen regularly since the diagnosis was first made. She was treated initially with pyrimethamine and then for 10 years by repeated venesections. After a 4 year period when her myeloproliferative disease was considered to be transitional a complete transformation to myelofibrosis occurred.

The measurement of spleen perfusion in man: a non-invasive method using the ratio between Rubidium-81 and its decay product Krypton-81m.

A non-invasive method has been developed for measuring spleen perfusion in man. This involves recording the gamma-ray energy spectra over the spleen following the localisation of Rubidium-81 within the organ by injecting intravenously labelled heat denatured red cells. The spectra are analysed to provide the ratio of Rubidium-81 to its radioactive decay product Krypton-81 m.

Adult Niemann-Pick disease: its relationship to the syndrome of the sea-blue histiocyte.

Three unrelated female patients with adult Niemann-Pick disease are described. All the patients had reduced coagulation factors and involvement of the marrow, liver, spleen and lungs. Two patients were shown to have abnormal platelet function; two patients also had pingueculas and a late onset of a menarche.

An outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in commercial poultry flocks in Ontario.

An outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis was observed in Ontario commercial poultry flocks from September 1974 to June 1975. Fifty-five flocks, totalling over 848,770 birds were clinically affected by this disease in the southern region of the province. Sixty-nine percent (38/55) of the exposed flocks were in Wentworth country and the regional municipality of Niagara.

Quantitative studies of splenic erythropoiesis in polycythaemia vera and myelofibrosis.

A quantitative scanning method employing cyclotron-produced 52Fe has been developed to assess splenic erythropoiesis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. In 12 patients with myelofibrosis splenic uptake of 52Fe was from 5.0% to 48% of the injected dose.

Microscopic lesions suggestive of Marek's disease in a Black Francolin (Francolinus f. francolinus).

Microscopic lesions suggestive of Marek's disease were found in tissues from the exotic game bird Black Francolin (Francolinus f. francolinus). These lesions consisted of a solitary spherical mass near the syrinx, histologically composed of sheets of small pleomorphic lymphocytes and a few plasma cells.