Formation of Sodium Chloride on the Surface of Sulfate-Rich Gobi Desert Salt in Response to Water Adsorption.

Dust storms in arid regions transport desert salts and dust, affecting geochemical processes, atmospheric chemistry, climate, and human health. This study examines how the gas-salt interface composition of desert salt changes with varying relative humidity (RH), using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ion chromatography analysis of desert salt indicates it is predominantly composed of sulfate, sodium, and magnesium ions, with traces of calcium, chloride, nitrate, and potassium ions.

Compression rates of microbial genomes are associated with genome size and base composition.

Background: To what degree a string of symbols can be compressed reveals important details about its complexity. For instance, strings that are not compressible are random and carry a low information potential while the opposite is true for highly compressible strings. We explore to what extent microbial genomes are amenable to compression as they vary considerably both with respect to size and base composition.

Decision Making in a Strategic Medical Command and Control Team During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study.

Objective: To achieve resilience in the response of a major incident, it is essential to coordinate major processes and resources with the aim to manage expected and unexpected changes. The coordination is partly done through timely, adequate, and resilience-oriented decisions. Accordingly, the aim of the present paper is to describe factors that affected decision-making in a medical command and control team during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Meat substitutes in Swedish school meals: nutritional quality, ingredients, and insights from meal planners.

This study provides an overview of the ingredients, origin, processing level, nutritional quality and practitioners' insights of commonly used meat substitutes in Swedish school meals. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this study evaluated 59 meat substitutes from 19 brands using Percentage Nutrient Contribution (%NC) to a Swedish school meal based on 30% of the recommended and maximum nutrient intake for teenagers and the NOVA processing framework. Meat substitutes were mince, balls, breaded, burgers, strips, or sausages.

The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage.

In 2018-2019, Thailand experienced a nationwide spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), with approximately 15,000 confirmed cases of disease reported. Here, we investigated the evolutionary and molecular history of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype to determine the origins of the 2018-2019 CHIKV outbreak in Thailand. This was done using newly sequenced clinical samples from travellers returning to Sweden from Thailand in late 2018 and early 2019 and previously published genome sequences.

Study on the temporal and spatial distribution of Culex mosquitoes in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), present a substantial global health threat. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Culex, which are common in both urban and rural areas in Vietnam. In 2020, we conducted a 1-year survey of Culex mosquito abundance in urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas of Hanoi using CDC-light traps.

Heterologous investigation of metabotropic and ionotropic odorant receptors in ab3A neurons of .

In insects, antennal ionotropic receptors (IRs) and odorant receptors (ORs) are among the main sensors of olfactory cues. To functionally characterize the subunits from these receptors, the use of ab3A neurons from transgenic represented one of the most powerful tools, allowing the identification of ligands (deorphanization) and decrypting their pharmacological properties. However, further investigation is needed to shed light on possible metabotropic functionalities behind insect olfactory receptors and test potentials from the up-to-now-used to express subunits belonging to variegate receptor classes.

Exploring barriers and strategies for improving sexual and reproductive health access for young men in Sweden: Insights from healthcare providers in youth clinics.

Methods: Youth clinics in Sweden are not reaching young men to the same extent as young women. We conducted a qualitative study to explore healthcare providers' (HCPs) perspectives on the barriers to young men's access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and how youth clinics can better accommodate the needs of young men. We used thematic analysis to analyze eight interviews with nine HCPs (three men and six women).

Phase recognition in SEM-EDX chemical maps using positive matrix factorization.

Images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are informative and useful to understand the chemical composition and mixing state of solid materials. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a multivariate factor analysis technique that has been used in many applications, and the method is here applied to identify factors that can describe common features between elemental SEM-EDX maps. The procedures of converting both graphics and digital images to PMF input files are introduced, and the PMF analysis is exemplified with an open-access PMF program.

Enhancing Sustainability: Jute Fiber-Reinforced Bio-Based Sandwich Composites for Use in Battery Boxes.

The rising industrial demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural fibers. Natural fibers provide advantages like affordability, lightweight nature, and renewability. Jute fibers' substantial production potential and cost-efficiency have propelled current research in this field.

The Role of Antigranulocyte Scintigraphy in Diagnosis of Aortic Graft Infection and Evaluation of Treatment Outcome.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the eventual added benefit of antigranulocyte monoclonal antibodies scintigraphy for the diagnostic imaging of aortic graft infection (AGI) and its role in evaluation of treatment outcome.

Methods: A population-based, retrospective, register-based analysis was carried out of all patients with infected aortic grafts after treatment for aneurysmal or aortoiliac occlusive disease at Karolinska University Hospital, covering the greater Stockholm area during November 2012-December 2020. Cases were based on the definitions in the 2016 Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaborations consensus.

Adsorbed Water Promotes Chemically Active Environments on the Surface of Sodium Chloride.

Gas-particle interfaces are chemically active environments. This study investigates the reactivity of SO on NaCl surfaces using advanced experimental and theoretical methods with a NHCl substrate also examined for cation effects. Results show that NaCl surfaces rapidly convert to NaSO with a new chlorine component when exposed to SO under low humidity.

Comparison of LSTM, Transformers, and MLP-mixer neural networks for gaze based human intention prediction.

Collaborative robots have gained popularity in industries, providing flexibility and increased productivity for complex tasks. However, their ability to interact with humans and adapt to their behavior is still limited. Prediction of human movement intentions is one way to improve the robots adaptation.

SARS-CoV-2 viral variants can rapidly be identified for clinical decision making and population surveillance using a high-throughput digital droplet PCR assay.

Epidemiologic surveillance of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential to assess impact on clinical outcomes and vaccine efficacy. Whole genome sequencing (WGS), the gold-standard to identify variants, requires significant infrastructure and expertise. We developed a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay that can rapidly identify circulating variants of concern/interest (VOC/VOI) using variant-specific mutation combinations in the Spike gene.

Zoonotic risk assessment among farmed mammals.

Farmed mammals may act as hosts for zoonotic viruses that can cause disease outbreaks in humans. This SnapShot shows which farmed mammals, and to what extent, are of particular risk of harboring and spreading viruses from viral families that are commonly associated with zoonotic disease. It also discusses genome surveillance methods and biosafety measures.

Evidence for the Cusp Effect in η' Decays into ηπ^{0}π^{0}.

Using a sample of 4.3×10^{5} η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0} events selected from the ten billion J/ψ event dataset collected with the BESIII detector, we study the decay η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0} within the framework of nonrelativistic effective field theory. Evidence for a structure at π^{+}π^{-} mass threshold is observed in the invariant mass spectrum of π^{0}π^{0} with a statistical significance of around 3.

Substantial viral and bacterial diversity at the bat-tick interface.

Ticks harbour a high diversity of viruses, bacteria and protozoa. The soft tick (Argasidae) is a common ectoparasite of bats in the Palearctic region and is suspected to be vector and reservoir of viruses and other microbial species in bat populations, some of which may act as zoonotic agents for human disease. The Soprano pipistrelle (, Vespertilionidae) is widely distributed in Europe, where it can be found inside or close to human habitation.

Milder Autumns May Increase Risk for Infection of Crops with Turnip Yellows Virus.

Climate change has increased the risk for infection of crops with insect-transmitted viruses. Mild autumns provide prolonged active periods to insects, which may spread viruses to winter crops. In autumn 2018, green peach aphids () were found in suction traps in southern Sweden that presented infection risk for winter oilseed rape (OSR; ) with turnip yellows virus (TuYV).

Study of the Semileptonic Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λe^{+}ν_{e}.

The study of the Cabibbo-favored semileptonic decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λe^{+}ν_{e} is reported using a 4.5  fb^{-1} data sample of e^{+}e^{-} annihilations collected at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.600 GeV to 4.

Observation of an Isoscalar Resonance with Exotic J^{PC}=1^{-+} Quantum Numbers in J/ψ→γηη^{'}.

Using a sample of (10.09±0.04)×10^{9}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γηη^{'} is performed.

Observation of an a_{0}-like State with Mass of 1.817 GeV in the Study of D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+}π^{0} Decays.

Using e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32  fb^{-1} collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.

Meta-transcriptomics reveals potential virus transfer between mosquitoes and their parasitic water mites.

Arthropods harbor a largely undocumented diversity of RNA viruses. Some arthropods, like mosquitoes, can transmit viruses to vertebrates but are themselves parasitized by other arthropod species, such as mites. Very little is known about the viruses of these ectoparasites and how they move through the host-parasite relationship.

First Observation of the Direct Production of the χ_{c1} in e^{+}e^{-} Annihilation.

We study the direct production of the J^{PC}=1^{++} charmonium state χ_{c1}(1P) in electron-positron annihilation by carrying out an energy scan around the mass of the χ_{c1}(1P). The data were collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An interference pattern between the signal process e^{+}e^{-}→χ_{c1}(1P)→γJ/ψ→γμ^{+}μ^{-} and the background processes e^{+}e^{-}→γ_{ISR}J/ψ→γ_{ISR}μ^{+}μ^{-} and e^{+}e^{-}→γ_{ISR}μ^{+}μ^{-} is observed by combining all the data samples.

Observation of a State X(2600) in the π^{+}π^{-}η' System in the Process J/ψ→γπ^{+}π^{-}η'.

Based on (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, the process J/ψ→γπ^{+}π^{-}η^{'} is studied using two largest decay channels of the η^{'} meson, η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} and η^{'}→ηπ^{+}π^{-}, η→γγ. A new resonance, which we denote as the X(2600), is observed with a statistical significance larger than 20σ in the π^{+}π^{-}η^{'} invariant mass spectrum, and it has a connection to a structure around 1.5  GeV/c^{2} in the π^{+}π^{-} invariant mass spectrum.