Myoclonic super-refractory status epilepticus with favourable evolution in a teenager with FIRES: Is the association of vagus nerve stimulation and cannabidiol effective?

Background: Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare and catastrophic clinical syndrome occurring in previously healthy patients. Aetiology is still unknown and outcome usually poor. We describe a case of myoclonic prolonged super refractory status epilepticus (P-SRSE) in FIRES in a patient admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of Padova, Italy.

Corrigendum on: Ventilation weaning and extubation readiness in children in pediatric intensive care unit: A review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.

Life-sustaining treatment decisions in pediatric intensive care: an Italian survey on ethical concerns.

Objectives: To investigate how life-sustaining treatment (LST) decisions are made and identify problematic ethical concerns confronted by physicians and nurses in pediatric intensive care within Italy.

Methods: An 88-question online survey was created, based on a previous qualitative study conducted by this team. The survey was designed to identify how LST decisions were managed; contrasting actual practices with what participants think practices should be.

Case Report: Life-Threatening Macrophage Activation Syndrome With Fulminant Myocarditis Successfully Rescued by High Dose Intravenous Anakinra.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening, condition triggered by infections or flares in rheumatologic and neoplastic diseases. The mainstay of treatment includes high dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and immunosuppressive drugs although, more recently, a more targeted approach, based on the use of selective cytokines inhibitors, has been reported. We present the case of a two-year-old boy with 1-month history of high degree fever associated with limping gait, cervical lymphadenopathy and skin rash.

Efficacy and safety of exogenous surfactant therapy in patients under 12 months of age invasively ventilated for severe bronchiolitis (SURFABRON): protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, non-profit trial.

Introduction: Some evidence indicates that exogenous surfactant therapy may be effective in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis, even though more confirmatory data are needed. To date, no large multicentre trials have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of exogenous surfactant in severe cases of bronchiolitis requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Methods And Analysis: This is a multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, performed in 19 Italian paediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

Central Venous Pressure Estimation by Ultrasound Measurement of Inferior Vena Cava and Aorta Diameters in Pediatric Critical Patients: An Observational Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability to predict central venous pressure by ultrasound measured inferior vena cava and aortic diameters in a PICU population and to assess interoperator concordance.

Design: Noninterventional observational study.

Setting: PICU of a tertiary-care academic center.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Failure to Wean From Cardiopulmonary Bypass After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Analysis of Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Data.

Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been used to support children who fail to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass after pediatric cardiac surgery, but little is known about outcomes. We aimed to describe epidemiology and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation factors associated with inhospital mortality in these patients.

Design: Retrospective multicenter registry-based cohort study.

Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine for prevention of withdrawal syndrome in the pediatric intensive care unit: protocol for an adaptive, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-profit clinical trial.

Background: Prolonged treatment with analgesic and sedative drugs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) may lead to undesirable effects such as dependence and tolerance. Moreover, during analgosedation weaning, patients may develop clinical signs of withdrawal, known as withdrawal syndrome (WS). Some studies indicate that dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, may be useful to prevent WS, but no clear evidence supports these data.

Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children: A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors.

Introduction: Children admitted to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, few paediatric studies have focused on the identification of factors potentially associated with the development of this condition. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence rate of AKI, identify risk factors, and evaluate clinical outcome in a large sample of critically ill children.

Predictors of mortality after admission to pediatric intensive care unit in oncohematologic patients without history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A single-center experience.

Background: Pediatric oncohematologic patients are a high-risk population for clinical deterioration that might require pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Several studies have described outcomes and mortality predictors for patients post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but fewer data exist regarding the category of non-HSCT patients.

Procedure: All oncohematologic non-HSCT patients ≤18 years requiring PICU admission from 1998 to 2015 in our tertiary-care academic hospital were retrospectively evaluated by means of the pediatric hematology-oncology unit database and the Italian PICUs data network database.

The quality of life in extracorporeal life support survivors: single-center experience of a long-term follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the health-related quality of life on a very long-term follow-up in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during neonatal and pediatric age.

Design: Prospective follow-up study.

Setting: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary-care University-Hospital.

extract EPs 7630: a review of its clinical efficacy and safety for treating acute respiratory tract infections in children.

Background: In numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews such as those published by the Cochrane Collaboration, extract EPs 7630 was shown to be effective in acute respiratory tract infections (aRTI) in all investigated age-groups. This narrative review focuses on recently published results from RCTs investigating the clinical efficacy and safety of EPs 7630 in children and adolescents with different manifestations of aRTI, in order to present a broader overview and to provide an update on the state of knowledge regarding the use of EPs 7630 in this age-group.

Methods: The Cochrane review on extract for aRTI published by the Cochrane Collaboration was searched for cited RCTs with EPs 7630 in children and adolescents suffering from aRTI.

Cardiac arrest in a toddler treated with propranolol for infantile Hemangioma: a case report.

Background: Propranolol has become the first-line treatment for complicated Infantile Hemangioma (IH), showing so far a good risk-benefit profile.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a toddler, on propranolol, who suffered cardiac arrest during an acute viral infection. She had a neurally-mediated syncope that progressed to asystole, probably because of concurrent factors as dehydration, beta-blocking and probably individual susceptibility to vaso-vagal phenomena.

Surfactants in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Infants and Children: Past, Present and Future.

There is a lack of definitive data on the effective management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in infants and children. The development and validation of the Berlin definition (BD) for ARDS and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) recommendations in children represented a major advance in optimizing research and treatment, mainly due to the introduction of a severe ARDS category. Proposed reasons for the lack of consistent results with surfactants in children and infants compared with neonates include different causes, type of lung damage (direct or indirect), timing and mode of administration as well as the type of surfactant used.

Risk Factors and Outcomes Related to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience.

To describe incidence, causes, and outcomes related to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), we investigated the risk factors predisposing to PICU admission and prognostic factors in terms of patient survival. From October 1998 to April 2015, 496 children and young adults (0 to 23 years) underwent transplantation in the HSCT unit. Among them, 70 (14.

Usage and Attitudes Towards Natural Remedies and Homeopathy in General Pediatrics: A Cross-Country Overview.

In order to better understand the global approach and country differences in physicians' usage, knowledge, and attitudes towards natural remedies and homeopathy in pediatric practice, an online survey involving 582 general pediatricians and general practitioners treating pediatric diseases was conducted in 6 countries. Overall, 17% of the pediatric prescriptions refer to phytotherapy and 15% refer to homeopathic preparations. Natural remedies and homeopathic preparations are more frequently used in upper respiratory tract infections, infant colic, sleep disturbances, and recurrent infections.

Efficacy of ketamine in refractory convulsive status epilepticus in children: a protocol for a sequential design, multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, non-profit trial (KETASER01).

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological emergency. SE lasting longer than 120 min and not responding to first-line and second-line antiepileptic drugs is defined as 'refractory' (RCSE) and requires intensive care unit treatment. There is currently neither evidence nor consensus to guide either the optimal choice of therapy or treatment goals for RCSE, which is generally treated with coma induction using conventional anaesthetics (high dose midazolam, thiopental and/or propofol).

Failure mode and effective analysis ameliorate awareness of medical errors: a 4-year prospective observational study in critically ill children.

Background: Errors in are estimated to occur with an incidence of 3.7-16.6% in hospitalized patients.

Evolution of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Use: A Cohort Study Among Italian PICUs.

Objective: To assess how clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation has evolved in the Italian PICUs.

Design: National, multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort.

Setting: Thirteen Italian medical/surgical PICUs that participated in the Italian PICU Network.