Exploring Metal Ions as Potential Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Future Drug Resistance in .

The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in underscores the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study evaluated the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four metal ions (cobalt, copper, silver, and zinc) and colloidal silver against 15 clinical isolates, alongside conventional antimicrobials (florfenicol, tetracycline, tulathromycin, and tylosin). Colloidal silver demonstrated the most effective antimicrobial activity, inhibiting 81.

Bovine adenovirus prevalence and its role in bovine respiratory disease complex: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bovine adenoviruses (BAdVs) are major contributors to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to explore the epidemiology of BAdV across diverse cattle populations using different detection methods. The study showed a higher BAdV prevalence of 0.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia.

, an important cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs in many countries, has recently been shown to exhibit reduced susceptibility to several antimicrobial classes. In the present study, a total of 185 pig lung tissue samples were collected from abattoirs in Australia, from which 21 isolates of were obtained. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined for 12 antimicrobials using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, and a subset ( = 14) underwent whole-genome sequence analysis.

Unravelling Antimicrobial Resistance in : Genetic Mechanisms and Future Directions.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in , the causative agent of Enzootic Pneumonia in swine, poses a significant challenge to the swine industry. This review focuses on the genetic foundations of AMR in , highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms, including mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and adaptive evolutionary processes. Techniques such as Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) have provided insights into the genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms of .

Assisting the Learning of Clinical Reasoning by Veterinary Medical Learners with a Case Example.

Effective clinical reasoning is essential for veterinary medical education, particularly in managing complex cases. This review explores strategies for learning clinical reasoning by veterinary medical learners, using a case example of mastitis to illustrate key concepts. Clinical reasoning encompasses cognitive, metacognitive, social, and situational activities, yet the literature on practical applications in veterinary education remains limited.

Histological characterisation of the horn bud region in 58 day old bovine fetuses.

The presence of horns in domestic ruminants, such as cattle, sheep and goats, has financial and welfare implications. The genetic interactions that lead to horn development are not known. Hornless, or polled, cattle occur naturally.

Preweaning Purified Fucoidan Drench: Effects on Growth, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology in Weaned Piglets.

Weaning stress imposes considerable physiological challenges on piglets, often manifesting in intestinal disturbances, such as inflammation and compromised barrier function, ultimately affecting growth and health outcomes. While conventional interventions, including antimicrobials, have effectively mitigated these sequelae, concerns surrounding antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of alternatives. Fucoidan, derived from brown seaweed, offers promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Effect of Feeding a Calcium Chloride Supplement on Sow Stillbirth Rate.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of daily calcium chloride (CaCl) supplementation from day of entry into the farrowing house until day of farrowing (6.4 ± 0.3 d) on stillbirth rates.

Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus Detection Methods and Prevalence in Cattle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V) is an important respiratory pathogen in cattle, contributing to syndromes in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Despite its significance, the understanding of its prevalence remains fragmented, especially within the larger framework of BRDC. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of BPI3V in cattle using varied detection methods and to highlight associated risk factors.

An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities.

The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization and immune response.

Associations between Surface and Rectal Temperature Profiles of Low-Birth-Weight Piglets.

The use of infrared cameras to record surface temperature has shown some promise in older pigs, but neonatal piglets are metabolically less mature and experience rapid temperature changes during their first 24 h. The present experiment aimed to compare rectal temperature to surface temperature at the base of the ear, measured using an infrared camera, for piglets of different birth weights. During farrowing, 48 multiparous sows were monitored, and rectal and surface temperatures were recorded for their lower-birth-weight (≤1.

Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Failed Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves from Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Australasia.

Monitoring and minimizing the prevalence of failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy replacement calves within the first week of life is crucial for calf health and farm profitability. In this study, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted on papers reporting the prevalence of FTPI in calves from pasture-based dairy farms in Australia and New Zealand. Two search methods, a "traditional method" and a "search engine method", were conducted to identify published studies on FTPI in Australia and New Zealand.

Correction: Messele et al. Longitudinal Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Species Isolated from Australian Beef Cattle Faeces at Feedlot Entry and Exit. 2022, , 2690.

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Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Infectious diseases of cattle, including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), pose a significant health threat to the global livestock industry. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant articles reporting the prevalence of and associated risk factors in studies published between 1 January 2000 and 3 February 2023.

Phylogeny, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles of Isolated from Australian Feedlot Cattle and Their Significance to Public and Environmental Health.

The extent of similarity between strains found in healthy feedlot beef cattle and those causing extraintestinal infections in humans is not yet fully understood. This study used whole-genome sequencing to analyse the antimicrobial resistance profile of isolated from beef cattle (n = 59) at a single feedlot and compared them to previously reported Australian isolates obtained from pig (n = 60) and meat chicken caecal samples (n = 8), as well as human sepsis cases (n = 302). The isolated from beef cattle and other food animal sources neither carried / responsible for vancomycin nor possessed / and / gene mutations associated with high-level fluoroquinolone and daptomycin resistance, respectively.

Meta-Analysis on the Global Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance in Isolated from Beef Cattle.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global concern, with the widespread use of antimicrobials in One Health contributing significantly to this phenomenon. Among various antimicrobials, tetracyclines are extensively used in the beef cattle industry, potentially contributing to the development of resistance in bacterial populations. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between tetracycline use in beef cattle and the development of tetracycline resistance in isolates.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Isolated from Australian Feedlot Cattle in Comparison to Pig Faecal and Poultry/Human Extraintestinal Isolates.

The similarity of commensal isolated from healthy cattle to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria causing extraintestinal infections in humans is not fully understood. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach based on whole genome sequencing data to determine the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships among faecal isolates from beef cattle (n = 37) from a single feedlot in comparison to previously analysed pig faecal (n = 45), poultry extraintestinal (n = 19), and human extraintestinal isolates (n = 40) from three previous Australian studies. Most beef cattle and pig isolates belonged to phylogroups A and B1, whereas most avian and human isolates belonged to B2 and D, although a single human extraintestinal isolate belonged to phylogenetic group A and sequence type (ST) 10.

Business Intentions of Australian Veterinary Students-My Business or Yours? A Cluster Analysis.

Little is known about veterinary entrepreneurial predisposition. Yet entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship (entrepreneurial behaviour of employees) foster business innovation and growth and support wealth creation and employment in both privately and corporately owned businesses which deliver contemporary veterinary services. We used responses from 515 final-year students in Australian entrepreneurship, nursing, and veterinary programs to capture entrepreneurial intention (EI), outcome expectations (OE-sb), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), and corporate/large organisation work intentions (CWIs).

Analysis of immune-related microRNAs in cows and newborn calves.

Bovine colostrum contains a high concentration of immune-related microRNAs (miRNAs) that are packaged in exosomes and are very stable. In this study, 5 immune-related miRNAs (miR-142-5p, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181a, and miR-223) were quantified in dam blood, colostrum, and calf blood using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Their levels in calf blood after colostrum ingestion were investigated to assess whether miRNAs are transferred from the dam to newborn calves.

Validation of a handheld refractometer to assess Merino ewe colostrum and transition milk quality.

Colostrum quality is generally defined by the IgG concentration in colostrum, and many methods have been used to assess it. Methods to measure colostrum quality both in the laboratory and in the field have been validated in cattle; however, this is only a recent topic of interest for sheep colostrum. Laboratory-based methods are often time consuming and require trained personnel compared with new handheld evaluation tools such as the digital Brix refractometer, which gives real-time results.

Incidence of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Dairy Heifer Calves in South Australia.

The objective of this observational study was to estimate the incidence of inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI) on five pasture-based dairy farms in South Australia. Heifer calf uptake of colostrum was evaluated within the first 1−7 days of age (n = 2638) using a digital refractometer to estimate each calf’s serum total protein concentration, as an indicator of colostrum uptake. Results of <51 g/L indicated inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI).

Facilitating Development of Problem-Solving Skills in Veterinary Learners with Clinical Examples.

This paper seeks to open discussion on the teaching of problem-solving skills in veterinary learners. We start by defining the term problem before discussing what constitutes problem-solving. For veterinary medical learners, problem-solving techniques are similar to those of decision-making and are integral to clinical reasoning.

Longitudinal Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Species Isolated from Australian Beef Cattle Faeces at Feedlot Entry and Exit.

are commensal bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and an important cause of drug-resistant nosocomial infections. This longitudinal study aimed to determine whether changes in the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype and genotype occurred among spp. isolated from cattle rectal samples obtained at the entry to and exit from an Australian feedlot.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Recovered from Feedlot Beef Cattle in Australia.

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle (n = 150) at entry and exit from an Australian feedlot. Sample plating on MacConkey agar and Brilliance ESBL agar differentiated generic from extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, respectively.