Novel approach for biomaterial assessment: utilizing the Ex Ovo quail cam assay for biocompatibility pre-screening.

In recent years, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has emerged as a crucial component of biocompatibility testing for biomaterials designed for regenerative strategies and tissue engineering applications. This study explores angiogenic potential of an innovative acellular and porous biopolymer scaffold, based on polyhydroxybutyrate and chitosan (PHB/CHIT), using the ex ovo quail CAM assay as an alternative to the conventional chick CAM test. On embryonic day 6 (ED6), we placed the tested biomaterials on the CAM alone or soaked them with various substances, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), saline, or the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor Angiostatin.

A Comparative Analysis of the Cytotoxic and Vascular Activity Effects of Western Diamondback Rattlesnake () and Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake () Venoms Using a Chick Embryo Model.

Crotalus snakebites induce various toxicological effects, encompassing neurological, myotoxic, and cytotoxic symptoms, with potentially fatal outcomes. Investigating venom toxicity is essential for public health, and developing new tools allows for these effects to be studied more comprehensively. The research goals include the elucidation of the physiological consequences of venom exposure and the assessment of toxicity using animal models.

Usnic Acid Isolated from (Du Rietz) Reduced In Vitro Angiogenesis in VEGF- and bFGF-Stimulated HUVECs and Ex Ovo in Quail Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay.

Natural products include a diverse set of compounds of drug discovery that are currently being actively used to target tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of secondary metabolite usnic acid isolated from We investigated the in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs. Ex ovo anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated using the CAM assay.

Evaluation of Angiogenesis in an Acellular Porous Biomaterial Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate and Chitosan Using the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Model.

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a highly vascularized avian extraembryonic membrane widely used as an in vivo model to study angiogenesis and its inhibition in response to tissues, cells, or soluble factors. In recent years, the use of CAM has become an integral part of the biocompatibility testing process for developing biomaterials intended for regenerative strategies and tissue engineering applications. In this study, we used the chicken CAM assay to investigate the angiogenic potential of innovative acellular biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PHB/CHIT) scaffold, which is intended for the treatment of hard tissue defects, depending on treatment with pro- and anti-angiogenic substances.

Antiproliferative Effect of Rupr. Based on Angiogenesis.

Rupr. is medicinal plant used for supplemental therapy of various diseases based on their positive biological activities. The aim of this study was evaluated the main metabolite, safety of application and anticancer potential.

In Vivo Study of Osteochondral Defect Regeneration Using Innovative Composite Calcium Phosphate Biocement in a Sheep Model.

This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effect and regenerative potential of the novel, amino acids-enriched acellular biocement (CAL) based on calcium phosphate on osteochondral defects in sheep. Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups, the treated group (osteochondral defects filled with a CAL biomaterial), the treated group with a biocement without amino acids (C cement), and the untreated group (spontaneous healing). Cartilages of all three groups were compared with natural cartilage (negative control).

A Comprehensive Study Monitoring the Venom Composition and the Effects of the Venom of the Rare Ethiopian Endemic Snake Species .

The Ethiopian endemic snake of the species recognized for its colorful patterns, might be more interesting as we look deeper into the venom activity. We assayed the effects of venoms from the most widespread venomous African and closely related species using The Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) and Chicken embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) analysis, cytotoxicity assay performed on cell lines and protein analysis of selected venoms. Our results indicated that venom contains vasoactive compounds that have a direct effect on blood vessels.

PHB/CHIT Scaffold as a Promising Biopolymer in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects-An Experimental Animal Study.

Biopolymer composites allow the creation of an optimal environment for the regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of articular cartilage, where natural regeneration potential is limited. In this experimental study, we used the sheep animal model for the creation of knee cartilage defects. In the medial part of the trochlea and on the medial condyle of the femur, we created artificial defects (6 × 3 mm) with microfractures.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Morphological, Histological, and Molecular View on Developing Chicken Liver.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent for small hydrophobic drug molecules. However, the safe volume allowing to avoid its embryotoxic effect has been poorly studied. In this study, we documented the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the developing chicken embryo at morphological, histological, and molecular levels.

Potential Effect of (L.) Zopf Extract and Metabolite Physodic Acid on Tumour Microenvironment Modulation in MCF-10A Cells.

Lichens comprise a number of unique secondary metabolites with remarkable biological activities and have become an interesting research topic for cancer therapy. However, only a few of these metabolites have been assessed for their effectiveness against various in vitro models. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of extract (L.

Characterization of Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate/Amino Acid Cements for Treatment of Osteochondral Defects.

Novel calcium phosphate cements containing a mixture of four amino acids, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and either lysine or arginine (CAL, CAK) were characterized and used for treatment of artificial osteochondral defects in knee. It was hypothesized that an enhanced concentration of extracellular collagen amino acids (in complex mixture), in connection with bone cement in defect sites, would support the healing of osteochondral defects with successful formation of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Calcium phosphate cement mixtures were prepared by in situ reaction in a planetary ball mill at aseptic conditions and characterized.

Spitting cobras: Experimental assay employing the model of chicken embryo and the chick chorioallantoic membrane for imaging and evaluation of effects of venom from African and Asian species (Naja ashei, Naja nigricollis, Naja siamensis, Naja sumatrana).

Among the captivating world of venomous snakes, an outstanding group of cobras from the family Elapidae is characterized by a distinctive structure of proteroglyphous venom apparatus that allows the ejection of venom from the fangs and formation of aerosol particles. The venom of "spitting" cobras is innocuous when sprayed over the intact skin, but contact with the eye surface is followed by ophthalmia and a temporary blindness, that may remain permanent, unless immediate and adequate medical interventions are carried out. The aim of this work was to monitor and evaluate induced vasoactive effects as well as embryotoxic effects with the regard to the whole crude venom of four "spitting" cobra species (African species Naja ashei and Naja nigricollis, Asian species Naja siamensis and Naja sumatrana).

Galectin-8 Favors VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis: Study in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Study in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane.

Background/aim: Although it has been accepted that the tandem repeat galectin-8 (Gal-8) is linked to angiogenesis, the underlying mechanisms in endothelial cells has remained poorly understood. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of Gal-8 on selected biological processes linked to angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo models.

Materials And Methods: In detail, we assessed how exogenously added human recombinant Gal-8 (with or without vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGF) affects selected steps involved in vessel formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.

Changes in the Acute-Phase Protein Concentrations and Activities of Some Enzymes in Pigs Following the Repair of Experimentally Induced Articular Cartilage Defects Using Two Types of Biocement Powder.

The objective of the study was to assess the usefulness of acute-phase proteins (APPs) and serum enzymes in the evaluation of post-operative state after cartilage reconstruction in an animal model (). Fifteen clinically healthy female pigs were evaluated during the first 30 days after the repair of experimentally induced articular cartilage defects using two types of biocement powders. Animals were divided into groups according to the type of biocement powder used: CAK-with amino acids ( = 6), C-without amino acids ( = 6) and the control group (Ctr) was without biocement ( = 3).

Canine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Genomics, Proteomics and Functional Analyses of Paracrine Factors.

Adult stem cells have become prominent candidates for treating various diseases in veterinary practice. The main goal of our study was therefore to provide a comprehensive study of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) and conditioned media, isolated from healthy adult dogs of different breeds. Under well-defined standardized isolation protocols, the multipotent differentiation and specific surface markers of BMMSC were supplemented with their gene expression, proteomic profile, and their biological function.

Polyhydroxybutyrate/Chitosan 3D Scaffolds Promote In Vitro and In Vivo Chondrogenesis.

The articular cartilage is an avascular and aneural tissue and its injuries result mostly in osteoarthritic changes and formation of fibrous tissue. Efforts of scientists worldwide are focused on restoration of cartilage with increase in life quality of patients. Novel polymeric polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PCH) porous 3D scaffolds were developed and characterized.

3D Reconstruction and Evaluation of Accessory Hepatic Veins in Right Hemilivers in Laboratory Animals by Metrotomography: Implications for Surgery.

BACKGROUND The current study investigated the detection of accessory hepatic veins and their vascular territories in the right hemiliver in rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, which has become a prerequisite for newly developed clinical procedures. We compared the anatomical continuity of accessory hepatic veins with accessory hepatic veins existing in human livers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis of accessory hepatic veins was performed using a corrosion cast method in combination with computer tomography (CT).

The Serum Protein Profile and Acute Phase Proteins in the Postoperative Period in Sheep after Induced Articular Cartilage Defect.

Although several new implants have been developed using animal studies for the treatment of osteochondral and cartilage defects, there is a lack of information on the possible metabolic and biochemical reactions of the body to the implantation of biomaterials and cartilage reconstruction. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the serum protein pattern and the alterations in the concentrations of selected acute phase proteins in five clinically healthy female sheep before and after the reconstruction of experimentally induced articular cartilage defects using polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan based biopolymer material. The concentrations of total serum proteins (TSP), protein fractions, and selected acute phase proteins-serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and C-reactive protein (CRP)-were measured before and on days seven, 14, and 30 after the surgical intervention.

Evaluation of vasoactivity after haemotoxic snake venom administration.

The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a widely used model in medical research and fulfils the requirements laid out in the 3 R's. The CAM, contains a dense network of blood vessels, essential for embryo development but also makes the chick embryo an invaluable resource for the study of angiogenesis and the haemotoxicity of substances. Non-neurotoxic snake venom is responsible worldwide for numerous deaths but also has been found to have a vast range of medicinal benefit.

Preclinical alternative model for analysis of porous scaffold biocompatibility in bone tissue engineering.

Using scaffolds with appropriate porosity represents a potential approach for repair of critical-size bone defects. Vascularization is essential for bone formation and healing. This study investigates methods for monitoring angiogenesis within porous biopolymer scaffolds on the basis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/chitosan.

Dynamics of Evans blue clearance from cerebrospinal fluid into meningeal lymphatic vessels and deep cervical lymph nodes.

Objectives Recently, it has been confirmed, that excess fluid and waste products from the brain are drained into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and afterwards cleared via the olfactory route and/or lymphatic vessels in the brain dura and corresponding extracranial lymphatic structures. Therefore, the aim of present study was to monitor time-dependent uptake of Evans blue (EB) tracer from subarachnoid space into the meningeal lymphatic vessels and extracranial lymph nodes in rats during 3 hours-12 days. Methods EB was injected into the cisterna magna of anesthetized rats and after required survival, plasma, brain dura matter and corresponding lymph nodes (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) were dissected and processed for lymphatic vessels analyses using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.

β-Escin Effectively Modulates HUVECS Proliferation and Tube Formation.

In the present study we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of β-escin (the major active compound of L. seeds). Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as an in vitro model for studying the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-angiogenic effect of β-escin.

Brain-Cortex Microglia-Derived Exosomes: Nanoparticles for Glioma Therapy.

The function and integrity of the nervous system require interactive exchanges among neurons and glial cells. Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a key mediator of intercellular communication, capable of transferring nucleic acids, proteins and lipids influencing numerous functional and pathological aspects of both donor and recipient cells. The immune response mediated by microglia-derived exosomes is most prominently involved in the spread of neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain cancer.

Comparative Genomics of Strains Reveals a Core Genome with Traits for Habitat Adaptation and a Secondary Metabolites Rich Accessory Genome.

The Gram positive, non-pathogenic endospore-forming soil inhabiting prokaryote is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. processes wide biocontrol abilities and numerous strains have been reported to suppress diverse bacterial, fungal and fungal-like pathogens. Knowledge about strain level biocontrol abilities is warranted to translate this knowledge into developing more efficient biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers.

Importance Rat Liver Morphology and Vasculature in Surgical Research.

BACKGROUND The laboratory rat is one of the most popular experimental models for the experimental surgery of the liver. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphometric parameters, physiological data, differences in configuration of liver lobes, biliary system, and vasculature (arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels) of the liver in laboratory rats. In addition, this study supports the anatomic literature and identified similarities and differences with human and other mammals.