Prolonged microgravity induces reversible and persistent changes on human cerebral connectivity.

The prospect of continued manned space missions warrants an in-depth understanding of how prolonged microgravity affects the human brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can pinpoint changes reflecting adaptive neuroplasticity across time. We acquired resting-state fMRI data of cosmonauts before, shortly after, and eight months after spaceflight as a follow-up to assess global connectivity changes over time.

The effect of prolonged spaceflight on cerebrospinal fluid and perivascular spaces of astronauts and cosmonauts.

Long-duration spaceflight induces changes to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid compartments and visual acuity problems known as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). The clinical relevance of these changes and whether they equally affect crews of different space agencies remain unknown. We used MRI to analyze the alterations occurring in the perivascular spaces (PVS) in NASA and European Space Agency astronauts and Roscosmos cosmonauts after a 6-mo spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS).

Brain Connectometry Changes in Space Travelers After Long-Duration Spaceflight.

Humans undergo extreme physiological changes when subjected to long periods of weightlessness, and as we continue to become a space-faring species, it is imperative that we fully understand the physiological changes that occur in the human body, including the brain. In this study, we present findings of brain structural changes associated with long-duration spaceflight based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data. Twelve cosmonauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) were scanned in an MRI scanner pre-flight, ten days after flight, and at a follow-up time point seven months after flight.

[Organizing the medical care for the COVID-19 patients in non-infectious Moscow hospital: reassignment experience].

Aim: To present the results of work of National Medical Research Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, reassigned for COVID-19 patients treatment during pandemic. Run-up methodology, procedures and working process organization are detailed.

Materials And Methods: 354 COVID-19 patients were treated from 13.

Macro- and microstructural changes in cosmonauts' brains after long-duration spaceflight.

Long-duration spaceflight causes widespread physiological changes, although its effect on brain structure remains poorly understood. In this work, we acquired diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compositions in each voxel, before, shortly after, and 7 months after long-duration spaceflight. We found increased WM in the cerebellum after spaceflight, providing the first clear evidence of sensorimotor neuroplasticity.

[Diagnostic efficiency of multidetector computed tomography in patients with tongue cancer].

Objective: To determine the capacities of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to diagnose tongue cancer.

Material And Methods: Intravenous bolus contrast-enhanced MDCT was performed in 40 patients with tongue cancer diagnosed during complex clinical and instrumental examination. In all cases, the tumor had a structure of squamous cell carcinoma of varying grades.

[The normal anatomy of the tongue and adjacent organs according to the data of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging].

The paper presents the normal anatomy of the tongue and adjacent organs according to the data of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tomographic diagnostic techniques have been proved to be of highly diagnostic value in assessing the anatomy of the tongue and adjacent organs. The authors describe the advantages of CT and MRI over standard clinical and instrumental examination in assessing the anatomic features of the lingual area.