Associations of intra-pancreatic fat deposition with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase.

Aims: To investigate the associations of intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and lipoprotein lipase.

Materials And Methods: A total of 174 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3.0 Tesla scanner for the quantification of IPFD.

Anharmonic Vibrational States of Double-Well Potentials in the Solid State from DFT Calculations.

We introduce a general approach for the simulation of quantum vibrational states of (symmetric and asymmetric) double-well potentials in molecules and materials for thermodynamic and spectroscopic applications. The method involves solving the nuclear Schrödinger equation associated with a one-mode potential of the type () = + + (with < 0 and > 0) and thus explicitly includes nuclear quantum effects. The potential, (), is obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed at displaced nuclear configurations along the selected normal mode, .

Inverse design of Mie resonators with minimal backscattering.

Manipulation and engineering of light scattering by resonant nanostructures is one of the central problems in optics and photonics. In this work, we theoretically study the effect of suppressed backscattering of a dielectric nanoantenna. We employed the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) to identify the geometries of axisymmetric dielectric structures with minimized backward scattering cross section.

Social Support and Sleep Quality Among Bereaved AD/ADRD Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Nearly 7 million adults aged 65 and above in the United States live with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD), and it is the fifth most common cause of death. Bereaved AD/ADRD informal caregivers report high rates of sleep disturbances that may impair daily functioning. Social support is a potentially modifiable resource fostering sleep quality; however, little is known regarding the contributing role of social support to sleep quality among bereaved AD/ADRD caregivers.

Relationship of fat in the pancreas with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: General adiposity is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. By contrast, the interconnection between high intra-pancreatic fat deposition and cardiovascular disease has been scantily investigated. This field-wide systematic review aimed to map the available evidence on cardiovascular disease according to the fat content of the pancreas.

Risk of poor glycemic control in tamsulosin versus finasteride users with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is strongly related to type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence has been inconsistent regarding the effect of BPH medications on glucose homeostasis. This study examined the risk of poor glycemic control associated with finasteride and tamsulosin use in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer in individuals with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and no high-risk stigmata during up to 5 years of surveillance: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Cyst size, its growth rate, and diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) are all associated with pancreatic carcinoma prevalence in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Objective: To examine the above factors in relation to future risk of incident pancreatic carcinoma in individuals with IPMNs harbouring no high-risk stigmata.

Design: In a prospective longitudinal cohort, we analysed 2549 patients with IPMNs.

GENA-LM: a family of open-source foundational DNA language models for long sequences.

Recent advancements in genomics, propelled by artificial intelligence, have unlocked unprecedented capabilities in interpreting genomic sequences, mitigating the need for exhaustive experimental analysis of complex, intertwined molecular processes inherent in DNA function. A significant challenge, however, resides in accurately decoding genomic sequences, which inherently involves comprehending rich contextual information dispersed across thousands of nucleotides. To address this need, we introduce GENA language model (GENA-LM), a suite of transformer-based foundational DNA language models capable of handling input lengths up to 36 000 base pairs.

Detection of Human Bladder Epithelial Cancerous Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy and Machine Learning.

The development of noninvasive methods for bladder cancer identification remains a critical clinical need. Recent studies have shown that atomic force microscopy (AFM), combined with pattern recognition machine learning, can detect bladder cancer by analyzing cells extracted from urine. However, these promising findings were limited by a relatively small patient cohort, resulting in modest statistical significance.

Boosting the Performance of a Zero-gap Flow Microbial Fuel Cell by Immobilized Redox Mediators.

Although microbial fuel cells (MFC) could be a promising energy source, their implementation is largely limited by low performance. There are several approaches to overcome this issue. For example, MFC performance can be enhanced using redox mediators (RM) capable of transferring electrons between microorganisms and MFC electrodes.

Photo-thermo-optical modulation of Raman scattering from Mie-resonant silicon nanostructures.

Raman scattering is sensitive to local temperature and thus offers a convenient tool for non-contact and non-destructive optical thermometry at the nanoscale. In turn, all-dielectric nanostructures, such as silicon particles, exhibit strongly enhanced photothermal heating due to Mie resonances, which leads to the strong modulation of elastic Rayleigh scattering intensity through subsequent thermo-optical effects. However, the influence of the complex photo-thermo-optical effect on inelastic Raman scattering has yet to be explored for resonant dielectric nanostructures.

Strongly subradiant states in planar atomic arrays.

The optically trapped ensembles of atoms provide a versatile platform for storing and coherent manipulation of quantum information. However, efficient realization of quantum information processing requires long-lived quantum states protected from the decoherence e.g.

The moderating effect of cardiometabolic factors on the association between hepatic and intrapancreatic fat.

Objective: Previous studies have investigated the association between hepatic fat and intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD); however, results have been inconclusive. The presence of cardiometabolic factors in certain subpopulations could explain this discrepancy. The aim of the present study was to use moderation analyses to determine the conditions under which hepatic fat is associated with IPFD.

The Presence of Bilateral Dilated Pupils is Not a Death Sentence in a Stroke Patient: A Case Report.

Bilateral dilated pupils are an ominous clinical sign of brainstem dysfunction, which uniformly leads to a bad prognosis for the patient. In some rare instances in adult patients, it could be reversible. We present a clinical case of an elderly stroke patient with bilateral dilated pupils with a surprisingly favorable clinical outcome.

Relationship of high-density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoprotein A-I with fat in the pancreas.

Aim: To investigate the associations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) with fat in the pancreas.

Methods: A total of 170 individuals were studied. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a single 3.

Second-Order Nonlinear Circular Dichroism in Square Lattice Array of Germanium Nanohelices.

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is prohibited in centrosymmetric crystals such as silicon or germanium due to the presence of inversion symmetry. However, the structuring of such materials makes it possible to break the inversion symmetry, thus achieving generation of second-harmonic. Moreover, various symmetry properties of the resulting structure, such as chirality, also influence the SHG.

Water quality and dissolved load in the Chirchik and Akhangaran river basins (Uzbekistan, Central Asia).

Uzbekistan (Central Asia) is experiencing serious water stress as a consequence of altered climate regime, past over-exploitation, and dependence from neighboring countries for water supply. The Chirchik-Akhangaran drainage basin, in the Tashkent province of Uzbekistan, includes watersheds from the Middle Tien Shan Mountains escarpments and the downstream floodplain of the Chirchik and Akhangaran rivers, major tributaries of the Syrdarya river. Water in the Chirchik-Akhangaran basin is facing potential anthropogenic pressure from different sources at the scale of river reaches, from both industrial and agricultural activities.

Epidemiology of post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: insights from the COSMOS program.

Introduction: Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) has long been recognized as one of the most challenging sub-types of diabetes to manage. Part of the problem is that the earlier literature on epidemiology of PPDM was confusing because of the presence of selection bias.

Areas Covered: A concerted series of population-based nationwide studies on PPDM from New Zealand has recently been published as part of the COSMOS (Clinical and epidemiOlogical inveStigations in Metabolism, nutritiOn, and pancreatic diseaseS) program and is the main focus of the present article.

Effect of Acute Nutritional Ketosis on Circulating Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15: Findings from a Cross-Over Randomised Controlled Trial.

Exogenous supplementation with ketone beverages has been shown to reduce plasma glucose levels during acute nutritional ketosis. It remains to be investigated whether growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)-an anorexigenic hormone-is involved in this process. The aim was to investigate the effect of a ketone ester beverage delivering β-hydroxybutyrate (KEβHB) on plasma levels of GDF-15, as well as assess the influence of eating behaviour on it.

Response to lowering plasma glucose is characterised by decreased oxyntomodulin: Results from a randomised controlled trial.

Background: With the prevalence of diabetes reaching an epidemic level, there is a growing interest in the investigation of its remission. Proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDP) have been shown to have a glucose-regulating effect. However, whether they play a role in diabetes remission remains poorly understood.