Cardiovascular Benefit of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide yet, despite advances in treatment, CVD remains an underestimated and undermanaged condition, with an even greater risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a promising novel drug class reported to improve Cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes in T2DM. Recent large-scale trials have assessed their CV safety with unexpected findings of multiple systemic benefits that could potentially reverse CVD.

The Effect of Statin Therapy on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review.

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are commonly used drugs in the management of elevated lipid levels and cardiovascular disease. In cardiovascular diseases, among other common chronic conditions, inflammatory biomarkers are used to monitor disease progression and the risk of recurrent adverse events. We explored whether or not there was a positive effect on these biomarkers using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Understanding the Genetic and Molecular Basis of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and the Current Trends in Gene Therapy for Its Management.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically acquired disease of cardiac myocytes. Studies show that 70% of this disease is a result of different mutations in various sarcomere genes. This review aims to discuss several genetic mutations, epigenetic factors, and signal transduction pathways leading to the development of HCM.

Diagnostic Pitfalls of Digital Microscopy Versus Light Microscopy in Gastrointestinal Pathology: A Systematic Review.

Digital microscopy (DM) is one of the cutting-edge advances in pathology, which entails improved efficiency, diagnostic advantages, and potential application in virtual diagnosis, particularly in the current era of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the diagnostic challenges are the remaining concerns for its wider adoption by pathologists, and these concerns should be addressed in a specific subspecialty. We aim to identify the common diagnostic pitfalls of whole slide imaging (WSI), one modality of DM, in gastrointestinal (GI) pathology.