Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain over 12 months in adults aged 20-40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial.

Background: Obesity drives metabolic disease development. Preventing weight gain during early adulthood could mitigate later-life chronic disease risk. Increased dietary fibre intake, leading to enhanced colonic microbial fermentation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, is associated with lower body weight.

A Doubly Fmoc-Protected Aspartic Acid Self-Assembles into Hydrogels Suitable for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Hydrogels have been used as scaffolds for biomineralization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for the repair and treatment of many tissue types. In the present work, we studied an amino acid-based material that is attached to protecting groups and self-assembles into biocompatible and stable nanostructures that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. Specifically, the doubly protected aspartic residue (Asp) with fluorenyl methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting groups have been shown to lead to the formation of well-ordered fibrous structures.

The use of stereotactic MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for the treatment of pediatric cavernous malformations: the SUNY Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital experience.

Purpose: Cavernous malformations (CM) are central nervous system lesions characterized by interlaced vascular sinusoids coated with endothelial cells without intervening parenchyma. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIgLITT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality that can precisely treat pathologic cerebral tissue, making it an effective alternative for the management of cavernomas. We describe the outcomes of a series of pediatric patients with cavernous brain malformations treated with MRIgLITT between 2014 and 2018 at our institution.

Role of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in Early Recognition and Diagnosis of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2 Disease.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease is a very rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. Progression is rapid and irreversible, making early diagnosis crucial for timely treatment. A group of pediatric neurologists and neuroradiologists with expertise in CLN2 convened to discuss early electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in CLN2 diagnosis.

Pediatric fibrocartilaginous spine embolism induced by trauma.

Fibrocartilaginous embolic infarction of the spinal cord is a rare cause of acute back pain and motor weakness. Most symptoms start after minor trauma that is often considered harmless and forgotten, however these minor injuries can result in lethal consequences. It is quite rare to diagnose fibrocartilaginous embolism in a timely manner and start treatment to prevent poor outcomes.

COVID-19 as a rare cause of facial nerve neuritis in a pediatric patient.

COVID-19 has been noted to present with neurological symptoms in nearly 30% of patients. While children are more likely to be asymptomatic, neurological involvement has been observed. We present the case of a 23-month-old previously healthy female who was brought to the emergency room for a new-onset facial droop.

A natural mutation in Pisum sativum L. (pea) alters starch assembly and improves glucose homeostasis in humans.

Elevated postprandial glucose (PPG) is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases globally. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how starch structures within a carbohydrate-rich food matrix interact with the gut luminal environment to control PPG. Here, we use pea seeds (Pisum sativum) and pea flour, derived from two near-identical pea genotypes (BC1/19RR and BC1/19rr) differing primarily in the type of starch accumulated, to explore the contribution of starch structure, food matrix and intestinal environment to PPG.

Gap in stroke patients' and carers' education.

Stroke is a multidimensional illness as it affects various aspects in a person's quality of life. The rehabilitation team focuses mainly on complications but there seems to be a gap in the education of the patients and their carers in skills relevant to the competencies required for community, aged care, health, housing and disability support services. Stroke patients' and carers' education-training, as well as their satisfaction has not been studied adequately.

Central and peripheral dysmyelination in a 3-year-old girl with ring chromosome 18.

Myelin basic protein (MBP) contributes to peripheral and central nervous system myelin. Developmental myelinopathies exist on a clinical spectrum, but is not included on leukodystrophy or CMT gene panels. This ring chromosome 18 case presents serial MRI and EMG/NCS, shedding light on the early clinical course of the disorder.

Validation of the Oxford WebQ Online 24-Hour Dietary Questionnaire Using Biomarkers.

The Oxford WebQ is an online 24-hour dietary questionnaire that is appropriate for repeated administration in large-scale prospective studies, including the UK Biobank study and the Million Women Study. We compared the performance of the Oxford WebQ and a traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall against biomarkers for protein, potassium, and total sugar intake and total energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry. We recruited 160 participants in London, United Kingdom, between 2014 and 2016 and measured their biomarker levels at 3 nonconsecutive time points.

Validity of an online 24-h recall tool (myfood24) for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews.

Background: Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale studies. However, information on bias due to measurement error of such tools is limited. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) and compared its performance with a traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall, assessing both against biomarkers.

Mental health literacy, sub-clinical personality disorders and job fit.

Background: This study looked at lay theories of how people with sub-clinical personality disorders experience the world of work.

Aims: The aim was to investigate the paradox that subclinical and clinical personality disorders are seen as beneficial for success, rather than a handicap in certain jobs.

Methods: In all, 230 participants read 14 vignettes derived from Oldham and Morris's book describing DSMIII personality disorders for a popular audience.

Nutritional Alterations Associated with Neurological and Neurosurgical Diseases.

Neurological and neurosurgical diseases lead to complications producing malnutrition increasing pathology and mortality. In order to avoid complications because of malnutrition or overcome deficiencies in nutrients supplements are often used for these subjects. The physiopathological mechanisms of malnutrition, methods of nutritional assessment and the supplemental support are reviewed in this paper based on the assumption that patients need to receive adequate nutrition to promote optimal recovery, placing nutrition as a first line treatment and not an afterthought in the rehabilitation.

Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of submucous cleft palate severity and guide for surgical intervention.

Background: Diagnosis of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is frequently delayed, adversely affecting speech outcomes. Previous studies show that MRI reliably identifies structural abnormalities in velopharyngeal musculature. This information has potential to assist with diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Patients with pelvic fractures due to falls: A paradigm that contributed to autopsy-based audit of trauma in Greece.

Background: Evaluation of the pelvic fractures (PFx) population in auditing effective components of trauma care is the subject of this study.

Methods: A retrospective, case-control, autopsy-based study compared a population with PFx to a control-group using a template with trauma outcome variables, which included demographics, ICD-9, intention, mechanisms, toxicology, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS-90), Injury Severity Score (ISS), causes of haemorrhage, comorbidity, survival time, pre-hospital response, in hospital data, location of death, and preventable deaths.

Results: Of 970 consecutive patients with fatal falls, 209 (21.

Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis in children: an analysis and discussion of MRI findings.

Background: There is lack of reported magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (ATM) in children.

Objective: To describe the imaging features of idiopathic ATM in children.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the spinal MRI findings of children diagnosed with ATM.

Influenza A encephalopathy, cerebral vasculopathy, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: combined occurrence in a 3-year-old child.

Encephalopathy is an uncommon complication of childhood influenza infection, typically recognized during influenza epidemics. Imaging hallmarks include characteristic thalamic lesions, thalamic necrosis and hemispheric edema. We describe a child with acute influenza A associated necrotizing encephalopathy with MR angiographic evidence of significant cerebral vasculopathy and a hemispheric edema pattern consistent with PRES.

Good results after major pancreatic resections in a middle-volume center.

Objectives: Recently, hospital and surgeon volume is widely discussed as a prognostic factor after major pancreatic surgery. We present our experience regarding major pancreatectomy in a middle-volume center.

Methods: During the last 11 years, 66 patients underwent major pancreatectomy (pancreaticoduodenectomy [n = 52], distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy [n = 13], and central pancreatectomy [n = 1]).

Ultrasound-guided catheterization of the internal jugular vein in oncologic patients; comparison with the classical anatomic landmark technique: a prospective study.

Aim: To compare the traditional anatomic landmark technique with the ultrasound-guided method for central venous catheterization.

Material And Methods: During three years, 551 patients underwent internal jugular vein catheterization; in 347 patients, the ultrasound-guided technique was used, while in the other 204 patients the catheter was introduced by using the classical anatomic landmark method. Operating time, complications (pneumothorax, puncture of carotid artery with or without hematoma formation), and number of attempts to achieve central venous catheterization were recorded.

Duodeno-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Duodeno-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (DP-ETs) are increasingly diagnosed today due to the widespread use of modern imaging methods. Duodeno-pancreatic endocrine tumours should be treated by radical surgical resection, which offers a high chance for cure when the disease is localized. A high index of suspicion is required in these patients for the presence of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type syndrome.