Photo-Accelerated Synthesis of Oligo(triazole amide)s.

A photo-assisted process is explored for improving the synthesis of oligo(triazole amide)s, which are prepared by solid phase synthesis using a repeated cycle of two reactions: amine-carboxylic acid coupling and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The improvement of the second reaction is investigated herein. A catalytic system involving Cu(II)Cl, N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) and a titanocene photoinitiator is explored for reducing the reaction time of CuAAC.

Perceived patient navigator services and characteristics to address barriers to linkage to hepatitis C care among people released from provincial prison in Quebec, Canada.

Background: Patient navigation increases linkage to hepatitis C virus (HCV) care following release from prison; however, little is known about the services patient navigators should provide to maximize linkage to care. We aimed to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to linkage to HCV care post-release, and to determine patient navigator services and characteristics best suited to address barriers to linkage to care among people released from prison.

Methods: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult (age ≥18 years) men living with chronic HCV, released from the largest Quebec provincial prison, and linked to HCV care by a patient navigator.

Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism and ADHD: Profiles of Hair and Salivary Cortisol, Serum Leptin Concentrations and Externalizing/Internalizing Problems.

Background: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) present a higher prevalence in individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). The Stress System and the Gut-Brain axis (GBA) may mediate these relations. We aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of FGIDs in a clinical sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TD) as well as to investigate possible relations between stress-related biomarkers and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with NDDS.

bacteraemia, cardiac implantable electronic device, extraction, and the risk of recurrent infection; a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Background: Patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) and bacteraemia (SAB) are at risk of having CIED infection, pocket infection or endocarditis. To avoid treatment failures, guidelines recommend that the CIED should be extracted in all cases of SAB butrecent studies indicate low extraction rates and low risk of relapse. The aim of the study was to describe a Swedish population-based cohort of patients with CIED and SAB, the rate of extraction, and treatment failure measured as recurrent SAB.

Age-related similarities and differences in cognitive and neural processing revealed by task-related microstate analysis.

We explored neural processing differences associated with aging across four cognitive functions. In addition to ERP analysis, we included task-related microstate analyses, which identified stable states of neural activity across the scalp over time, to explore whole-head neural activation differences. Younger and older adults (YA, OA) completed face perception (N170), word-pair judgment (N400), visual oddball (P3), and flanker (ERN) tasks.

Adult congenital heart disease training in Europe: current status, disparities and potential solutions.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the status of training of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cardiologists in Europe.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to ACHD cardiologists from 34 European countries.

Results: Representatives from 31 of 34 countries (91%) responded.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, cardiac implantable electronic device, and the risk of endocarditis: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are at risk of having infective endocarditis (IE). The objectives were to describe a Swedish population-based cohort of patients with CIED and SAB, to identify risk factors, and to construct a predictive score for IE. Patients over 18 years old in the Stockholm Region identified to have SAB in the Karolinska Laboratory database from January 2015 through December 2019 were matched to the Swedish Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator ICD Registry to identify the study cohort.

Effect of weaning and feed provision times on the performance and several behavioural traits of post-weaning lambs.

The aim of the present study was to assess if weaning time (morning or evening) and feed provision (immediate or 4 h delayed) can influence growth performance and expression of juvenile lamb behaviour immediately after and at the age of 50-125 days old. Forty lambs were randomly assigned to 4 groups: E1 (evening + immediate), E2 (evening + delayed), M1 (morning + immediate) and M2 (morning + delayed). All lambs were especially active during the first hour after weaning.

The socioeconomic impact of multiple sclerosis in France: Results from the PETALS study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) places a considerable financial burden on the society. However, data quantifying the contemporary cost burden in France are lacking.

Objective: This cost-of-illness study aimed to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with MS in France.

Selective contributions of executive function ability to the P3.

The P3 component (P300, P3b) is considered to be an effective index of attention and categorization processes when elicited in a visual oddball task, specifically reflecting the selection of a rare target item among frequent non-targets. Researchers have proposed that target categorization is guided by representations of target features held in working memory (WM), thus guiding attention and categorization processes to distinguish targets from non-targets. Although WM is theorized to have visuospatial, verbal and executive function components, most studies do not investigate how these WM components contribute to the P3.

Paediatric and adult congenital cardiology education and training in Europe.

Background: Limited data exist on training of European paediatric and adult congenital cardiologists.

Methods: A structured and approved questionnaire was circulated to national delegates of Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology in 33 European countries.

Results: Delegates from 30 countries (91%) responded.

Blood culture diagnostics: a Nordic multicentre survey comparison of practices in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Objectives: Accurate and rapid microbiological diagnostics are crucial to tailor treatment and improve outcomes in patients with severe infections. This study aimed to assess blood culture diagnostics in the Nordic countries and to compare them with those of a previous survey conducted in Sweden in 2013.

Methods: An online questionnaire was designed and distributed to the Nordic clinical microbiology laboratories (CMLs) (n = 76) in January 2018.

Chronic Disease and Immunosuppression Increase the Risk for Nonvaccine Serotype Pneumococcal Disease: A Nationwide Population-based Study.

Background: Demography is changing, with people living longer with comorbidities. In this nationwide population-based study, we investigated the serotype-specific invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) risk in individuals with comorbidities, and effects of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) child immunization program.

Methods: Cases included 14 096 IPD episodes in Sweden during 2006-2015.

Mixed-Precision Deep Learning Based on Computational Memory.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence and have achieved unprecedented success in cognitive tasks such as image and speech recognition. Training of large DNNs, however, is computationally intensive and this has motivated the search for novel computing architectures targeting this application. A computational memory unit with nanoscale resistive memory devices organized in crossbar arrays could store the synaptic weights in their conductance states and perform the expensive weighted summations in place in a non-von Neumann manner.

Quantitative assessment of microcalcification cluster image quality in digital breast tomosynthesis, 2-dimensional and synthetic mammography.

Quantitative assessment of microcalcification (MC) cluster image quality is presented, in terms of cluster signal-difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) intercomparison among digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and 2-dimensional (2D) and synthetic-2-dimensional (s2D) mammography. A phantom that provides realistic appearance of MC clusters located in uniform and nonuniform background was imaged in 2D and DBT, considering various scattering conditions. MC cluster SDNR differentiation is investigated with respect to MC particle size (uniform background) and surrounding parenchyma density (nonuniform background).

Cardiotoxicity among adult survivors suffered from childhood malignancies.

Late cardiotoxicity following treatment of malignancy diseases has been long established. Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), acute arrhythmias, pericardial disease, valvopathies and early atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. Although these clinical modalities can affect adults treated for malignancies, they are more common to present in the pediatric survivors as improvement of prognosis, nowadays exists.

Echinococcus Granulosus in Childhood: A Retrospective Study of 187 Cases and Newer Data.

Echinococcus granulosus, first reported by Goeze in 1782, is the causative parasite of cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) especially for countries that are endemic areas. Since the 1970s, the incidence of echinococcosis in Greece has been very high. Nevertheless, with the implementation of special prevention measures in the 1980s, a large reduction in the incidence of hydatidosis meant that it reached European levels.

Late-onset cardiomyopathy among survivors of childhood lymphoma treated with anthracyclines: a systematic review.

Medical advances in pediatric oncology have led to increases in survival but the long-term adverse effects of treatment in childhood cancer survivors have not yet been examined in depth. In this systematic review, we aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors of late-onset cardiomyopathy (LOCM) among survivors of childhood lymphoma treated with anthracyclines. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines we searched Pubmed/Medline, abstracted data and rated studies on quality regarding late-onset (>1 year following treatment) cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines in survivors of childhood lymphoma.

Non-gravitational acceleration in the trajectory of 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua).

'Oumuamua (1I/2017 U1) is the first known object of interstellar origin to have entered the Solar System on an unbound and hyperbolic trajectory with respect to the Sun. Various physical observations collected during its visit to the Solar System showed that it has an unusually elongated shape and a tumbling rotation state and that the physical properties of its surface resemble those of cometary nuclei, even though it showed no evidence of cometary activity. The motion of all celestial bodies is governed mostly by gravity, but the trajectories of comets can also be affected by non-gravitational forces due to cometary outgassing.

Cardiovascular pre-participation screening in young athletes: Recommendations of the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology.

Sudden death in young competitive athletes can be avoided by implementation of pre-participation screening programmes. A screening programme should be performed only by trained physicians and should include the athlete's personal and family history, physical examination results, and the readings from a 12-lead-electrocardiogram. The athlete should undergo this screening programme every second year to detect progressive diseases.

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 during healing of dermal wounds after incision using radiofrequency energy in neonatal and adult rats.

Background: Radiofrequency energy (RFE) has many medical applications in the treatment of adults and children. The impact of RFE on healing-regulation systems in the developing tissues is not fully known. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and the inflammatory processes.