Effects of face mask on pulse rate and blood oxygenation.

Objective: The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the use of face masks in public. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of face masks on pulse rate and partial blood oxygen saturation in patients without cardiorespiratory disorders.

Methods: A total of 150 volunteers of both sexes were divided into three groups (n=50) according to age (children, young adults, and older adults).

Megavoltage radiotherapy effects on organs of the reticuloendothelial system.

Purpose: To study the uptake capacity of cells from the reticuloendothelial system after irradiation with high-energy X-rays.

Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups: group A (n = 6): control, unirradiated animals studied alongside animals from group B; group B (n = 6) and group C (n = 6): animals irradiated and studied after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The rats were anesthetized and placed on a 10 MV linear accelerator.

Immuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - a narrative review.

Immuno-oncology studies the immune system in cancer. In recent decades, immunotherapy has shown a good response to the treatment of various locally advanced and metastatic cancers. The main mechanisms of action include stimulation of the patient's own immune system to enhance immune responses acting in tumor escape pathways.

Hepatic artery disorders associated with alcoholism.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the relationship between severe chronic alcoholism and hepatic arterial wall disorders in humans.

Methods: We obtained hepatic arteries from 165 patients undergoing liver transplantation who were placed into two etiological groups: an Alcoholism group and a Non-alcoholism group. We compared the age, sex, lipid profile, and histologic characteristics of the hepatic arteries (normal, reduction in luminal diameter of ≤10%, or atherosclerosis) of the participants in the two groups using multifactor analyses.

ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM: IMPORTANCE IN SURGICAL CLINIC.

Aim: Knowledge of the portal system and its anatomical variations aids to prevent surgical adverse events. The portal vein is usually made by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, together with their main tributaries, the inferior mesenteric, left gastric, and pancreaticoduodenal veins; however, anatomical variations are frequent. This article presents a literature review regarding previously described anatomical variations of the portal venous system and their frequency.

The left gastro-omental vessels are able to maintain the entire spleen blood supply.

The spleen is supplied by blood flow through the splenic artery and vein. The purpose of this communication is to report an ectopic spleen supplied only by reverse flow through the left gastro-omental vessels. A 14-year-old boy presented with pelvic splenomegaly supplied only by the left gastro-omental artery and veins connected to the inferior polar vessels, which were the only vessels communicating with the spleen.

Validation of low anterior resection syndrome score in Brazil with Portuguese.

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the convergent validity, discriminative validity, and reliability of the Brazilian version of the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score in a population with low educational and socioeconomic levels.

Methods: The LARS score was translated into the Portuguese language by forward- and back-translation procedures. In total, 127 patients from a public hospital in Brazil completed the questionnaires.

Dwarfism associated with wandering splenomegaly.

Dwarfism associated with splenomegaly during teenage years is known. The purpose of this report was to present the first case of dwarfism associated with wandering splenomegaly. A 14-year-old boy presented a wandering splenomegaly and torsion of the splenic pedicle associated with a retarded growth and sexual underdevelopment characterized by lack of sexual maturity and absence of secondary sexual physical appearance.

Splenic, hepatic, renal and pulmonary clearance dysfunction associated with high-energy X-rays.

Purpose: To verify the high-energy X-rays effects on the blood clearance of colloidal particles by the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups. Group 1 ( = 5) - control - non-irradiated animals, group 2 ( = 6) - irradiated animals studied 24 h after irradiation, and group 3 ( = 6) - irradiated animals studied 48 h after irradiation.

Splenectomy is associated with sexual dysfunctions and decreased libido.

The removal of the spleen due to disease or trauma may be followed by disorders due to the asplenism, including immunodeficiency, hematological and metabolic diseases, mainly dyslipidemia, which can lead to sepsis, pulmonary embolism and early death. Although patients frequently report sexual disinterest after splenectomy, this feature has been experimentally studied only in a translational investigation performed by the same group of this work. To study libido and other sexual functions after the complete removal of the spleen in humans.

Clinical and immunological allergy assessment in cancer patients.

Cancer is associated with immunodeficiency, while allergies result from immune system hyperactivity mediated by cytokines and immunoglobulins. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between immune environment of specific cancers and allergies, emphasizing cytokines related to Th1 and Th2 responses associated with IgE. 80 adults were distributed into two groups: control (n = 20) and cancer (n = 60), distributed in three subgroups (n = 20), head and neck, stomach, and prostate cancers.

A New Classification of the Lateral Dermatochalasis of Upper Eyelids.

Unlabelled: Eyelid dermatochalasis is an abnormal distention of the upper eyelid. This article presents a new classification of the lateral dermatochalasis (LDC) of the upper eyelids, which compares the pre- and post-blepharoplasty results and matches its results with those of the well-established Jacobs classification (JEC).

Methods: LDC classification includes four degrees: grade zero-absence of dermatochalasis; grade 1-lower edge of dermatochalasis above the intersection of the lacrimal caruncle with the edge of the upper eyelid; grade 2-between the intersection of the lacrimal caruncle with the edge of the upper eyelid and the lower edge of the iris at the pupillary midpoint; and grade 3-lower edge of dermatochalasis below the lower edge of the iris.

Wandering splenomegaly reduction after splenopexy.

Introduction And Importance: A wandering spleen is characterized by excessive splenic mobility due to the laxity of its ligaments, which leads to spleen migration and its long mobile vascular pedicle is liable to torsion. The purpose of this paper was to present a wandering splenomegaly reduction after splenic detorsion and splenopexy.

Case Presentation: A 14-year-old boy presented a symptomatic visible pelvic wandering splenomegaly with torsion of the splenic pedicle.

Cyclosporine reduces the spleen dimensions in rabbits.

Purpose: To assess the influence of prolonged cyclosporine use on the macro- and microscopic morphology of the spleen.

Methods: 16 adult rabbits were divided into two groups (n = 8): group 1 - a placebo group, which was followed-up over a period of nine months; group 2 - which had taken an oral dose of cyclosporine (10 mg·kg-1·day-1) over nine months. At the end of this period, the splenic histoarchitecture of all animals was evaluated and the splenic corpuscles were measured.

Reduction in pregnancies and litters in mice couples with splenectomized male.

Purpose: The spleen is relevant in blood purification, hematopoiesis, metabolism, and immune response to antigens, in addition to the storage and control on the release of metals and amino acids. Its functions concerning reproduction characteristics are still unknown. The objective was to study the influence of splenectomies on reproduction.

Differences between inflamed and non inflamed appendices diagnosed as acute appendicitis.

Background: Despite the great advances in diagnostic methods, the incidence of the surgical removal of a morphologically normal appendix in patients with clinical and complementary signs of acute appendicitis continues to exceed 20%. This study aimed to compare the clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound findings of inflammatory and noninflammatory appendiceal disorders diagnosed as acute appendicitis.

Methods: The medical records of 208 patients with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound findings indicative of acute appendicitis were studied.

ETIOPATHOGENIC, EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND CLINICAL-THERAPEUTIC COMPARISON OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA AND KAPOSI'S SARCOMA.

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are primary neoplasms derived from lymphocytes, and Kaposi's sarcoma (SK) is a multicentric disease of viral etiology and is associated with HIV.

Aim: To study the etiopathogenesis and clinical characteristics of NHL and KS, describing their mutual factors.

Methods: This retrospective investigation was performed on 101 medical charts.

Neuroendocrine apendicopathy in morphologically normal appendices of patients with diagnosis of acute appendicitis: Diagnostic study.

Background: About 15%-25% of appendices removed to treat acute appendicitis present normal macro- and macroscopic morphology. The objective of this study was to verify an association of proinflammatory, neuroendocrine and immune mediators with morphologically normal appendices removed from patients with clinical laboratorial and imaging characteristics of acute appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Appendices removed from 121 adult patients of both genders were distributed into three groups according to their following characteristics: group 1: 53 macro- and microscopically normal appendices from patients with clinical, laboratorial and imaging diagnosis of acute appendicitis; group 2: 24 inflamed appendices from patients with clinical, laboratorial, imaging and histopathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis; group 3: 44 normal appendices from patients submitted to right colectomy to treat localized ascending colon adenocarcinoma.